|
|
| (9 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | <FlashCard questions="10">
| + | {{toplink |
| − | |q1=Describe embryological origin of the Thyroid Gland. | + | |backcolour = FAFAD2 |
| − | |a1=The thyroid gland is a downgrowth from the pharyngeal endoderm of the developing tongue. | + | |linkpage =Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | |l1=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
| + | |linktext =Endocrine System |
| − | |q2=Describe the location of the thyroid gland, it's closely associated structures and anatomical landmarks. | + | |maplink = Endocrine System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology |
| − | |a2= | + | |pagetype =Anatomy |
| − | *The thyroid gland is adjacent to the cranial part of the trachea, closely associated with the Parathyroid Glands which may be within or close to the thyroid gland itself.
| + | |sublink1=Endocrine System - Flash Cards - Anatomy and Physiology |
| − | *Close to the thyroid gland are the ''Sternohyoid'' and ''Sternothyroid'' muscles, the ''recurrent laryngeal'' nerve and the ''carotid sheath''.
| + | |subtext1=ENDOCRINE FLASH CARDS |
| − | |l2=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
| + | |sublink2=Flash Cards - Anatomy and Physiology |
| − | |q3=Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the Thyroid Gland.
| + | |subtext2=FLASH CARDS |
| − | |a3=
| + | }} |
| − | *Supply: Cranial Thyroid Artery and Caudal Thyroid Artery
| + | <br> |
| − | *Venous Drainage: Thyroid Vein (leading to Internal Jugular Vein).
| |
| − | |l3=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
| |
| − | |q4=The Thyroid gland consists of various sized follicles. What is the name of the cells which line the lumen of the follicles, and what is their function? | |
| − | |a4=Follicular Cells - these synthesize thyroglobulin in their golgi apparatus. Thyroglobulin is a glycoprotein consisting of 70 linked ''tyrosine'' molecules and is the source of thyroid hormones.
| |
| − | |l4=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology
| |
| − | |q5=Label the following histological section: (Image 1 below) | |
| − | |a5=
| |
| − | *A - Connective Tissue Capsule
| |
| − | *B - Thyroid Follicles
| |
| − | *C - Connective Tissue Septum
| |
| − | *D - Blood Vessels in Capsule.
| |
| − | |l5=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology Gallery
| |
| − | |q6=Which Letter represents the location of the C-Cells of the Thyroid Gland, and what is their function in 'Image 1' below?
| |
| − | |a6=
| |
| − | *A represents the C Cells.
| |
| − | *The C-Cells (aka Parafollicular Cells) produce Calcitonin, a hormone which acts to lower the plasma calcium level.
| |
| − | |l6=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Ultrastructure and Histology
| |
| − | |q7=Define and describe the process of ''Iodide Trapping''.
| |
| − | |a7=
| |
| − | *Iodide trapping is the process by which Iodide molecules (I-) are concentrated in the colloid at a level up to 250x greater than the plasma level.
| |
| − | *The Na+/I- symport in the basal membrane of the follicular cells moves the iodine from the plasma, into the cell. From here it is transported into the colloid.
| |
| − | *The follicular cells and the pumps function in response to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone from the Pituitary Gland.
| |
| − | |l7=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Iodine Uptake
| |
| − | |q8=Name the three hormones produced in the thyroid gland and describe how they are transported around the body? | |
| − | |a8=
| |
| − | *Hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Reverse T3.
| |
| − | *Thyroid hormones are lipid soluble, thus require a binding protein in order to travel in the bloodstream. Thyroid Binding Globulin caries 70-80% of the circulating hormone, with Thyroxine Binding Pre-Albumin, and Albumin carrying the remainder.
| |
| − | |l8=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport | |
| − | |q9=What are Hormone A and Hormone B in this schematic diagram ('Image 2' below) of the Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Thyroid Axis:
| |
| − | |a9=
| |
| − | *Hormone A: TRH - Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
| |
| − | *Hormone B: TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin)
| |
| − | |l9=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation
| |
| − | |q10=Decribe the effects that T3 and T4 have on the following systems/physiological mechanisms: | |
| − | |a10=
| |
| − | *Musculoskeletal System
| |
| − | *Carbohydrate metabolism
| |
| − | *Fat metabolism
| |
| − | *Basal Metabolic Rate
| |
| − | *Cardiovascular System
| |
| − | *Nervous System
| |
| − | *Alimentary System
| |
| − | *Musculoskeletal system - Thyroid hormone promotes bone growth
| |
| − | *Carbohydrate metabolism - Thyroid hormone stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis
| |
| − | *Fat metabolism - Thyroid hormone mobilises lipids from adipose stores. Accelerates oxidation of lipids to produce energy (occurs within mitochondria). Increases size and number of mitochondria.
| |
| − | *Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Thyroid hormone causes and increase in BMR in all tissues except brain, spleen, gonads. Results in increased heat production, increased oxygen consumption.
| |
| − | *Cardiovascular actions - Thyroid hormone increases Cardiac output, heart rate and contractility.
| |
| − | *Nervous system - thyroid hormones are required for development of this system. They also enhance the sympathetic nervous system (by increasing epinephrine receptors).
| |
| − | *Alimentary System - Thyroid hormone increases appetite and feed intake, increases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and increases motility.
| |
| − | |l10=Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Hormone Actions
| |
| − | </FlashCard> | |
| − | {|
| |
| − | |Image 1
| |
| − | |[[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard.jpg|350px|©RVC 2008]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Image 2
| |
| − | |[[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard3.jpg|350px]]
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Endocrine System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
| |
