Difference between revisions of "Immunoglobulins Flashcards"

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===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
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{{toplink
<FlashCard questions="8">
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|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
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|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
|a1=Antibodies
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|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
|a2=
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|pagetype =Blood
*1 variable domain
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*3 or 4 constant domains
 
|l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
|q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
 
|a3=
 
*1 variable domain
 
*1 constant domain
 
|l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
|q4=What are hypervariable domains?
 
|a4=
 
*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
 
*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
 
|l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
 
|a5=
 
*Fragment associated with antigen binding
 
*Light chain
 
|l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
 
|a6=
 
*Constant fragment
 
*Heavy chain
 
|l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
|q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
 
|a7=Mediates phagocytosis
 
*Triggers inflammation
 
*Targets Ig to certain tissues
 
|l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
 
|a8=
 
*Blockage and agglutination
 
*Promotion of phagocytosis
 
*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
 
*Complement Fixation
 
|l8=Immunoglobulins#Function
 
</FlashCard>
 
===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
 
<FlashCard questions="14">
 
|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
 
|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
 
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes
 
|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
 
|a2=Mucosal surfaces
 
|l2=Immunoglobulin A
 
|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
 
|a3=
 
*False
 
*IgA is a dimer
 
|l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure
 
|q4=What are the functions of IgA?
 
|a4=
 
*Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
 
*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
 
*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
 
|l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function
 
|q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
 
|a5=
 
*Ruminants
 
*Pigs
 
*Dogs
 
*Rodents
 
|l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function
 
|q6=What is the main function of IgD?
 
|a6=Helps B cell development
 
|l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function
 
|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
 
|a7=True
 
|l7=Immunoglobulin E
 
|q8=What are the functions of IgE?
 
|a8=
 
*Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
 
*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
 
*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
 
|l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function
 
|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
 
|a9=True
 
|l9=Immunoglobulin G
 
|q10=Where is IgG produced?
 
|a10=Bone marrow
 
*Spleen
 
*Lymph nodes
 
|l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production
 
|q11=What is the function of IgG?
 
|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
 
*Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
 
*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
 
|l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function
 
|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
 
|a12=
 
*True
 
*But it is secreted as a pentamer
 
|l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure
 
|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
 
|a13=
 
*Cannot cross the placenta
 
*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
 
*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
 
|l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production
 
|q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
 
|a14=
 
*Complement activation
 
*Agglutination
 
*Opsonisation
 
*Virus neutralisation
 
|l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function
 
</FlashCard>
 
===Immunoglobulins Variation===
 
<FlashCard questions="6">
 
|q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
 
|a1=
 
*IGH genes
 
*Heavy chain
 
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation
 
|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
 
<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
 
|a2=
 
*four
 
*three
 
*three or four
 
|l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation
 
|q3=What are allotypes?
 
|a3=
 
*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
 
*Allotypes are inheritable
 
|l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
 
|q4=What are idiotypes?
 
|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
 
|l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
 
|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
 
|a5=
 
*After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
 
*Only after direct influence of T cells
 
*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
 
*The same varibale domains are kept
 
|l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
 
|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
 
|a6=
 
*Size
 
*Charge
 
*Amino acid composition
 
*Associated carbohydrate
 
*Function
 
|l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
 
</FlashCard>
 
  
<br><br>
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==<font color="purple">Heading</font>==
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
[[Category:Immunoglobulins]]
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|-
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|<big>'''Question?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Answer'''''
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||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|}

Revision as of 13:02, 4 September 2008

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