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| − | ===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
| + | {{toplink |
| − | <FlashCard questions="8">
| + | |backcolour = FFE4E1 |
| − | |q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
| + | |linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood |
| − | |a1=Antibodies | + | |linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS |
| − | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction | + | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood |
| − | |q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
| + | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS |
| − | |a2=
| + | |pagetype =Blood |
| − | *1 variable domain
| + | }} |
| − | *3 or 4 constant domains
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| − | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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| − | |q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *1 variable domain
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| − | *1 constant domain
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| − | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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| − | |q4=What are hypervariable domains?
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| − | |a4=
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| − | *Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
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| − | *Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
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| − | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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| − | |q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
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| − | |a5=
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| − | *Fragment associated with antigen binding
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| − | *Light chain
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| − | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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| − | |q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
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| − | |a6=
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| − | *Constant fragment
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| − | *Heavy chain
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| − | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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| − | |q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
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| − | |a7=Mediates phagocytosis
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| − | *Triggers inflammation
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| − | *Targets Ig to certain tissues
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| − | |l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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| − | |q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
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| − | |a8=
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| − | *Blockage and agglutination
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| − | *Promotion of phagocytosis
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| − | *Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
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| − | *Complement Fixation
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| − | |l8=Immunoglobulins#Function
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| − | ===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="14">
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| − | |q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
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| − | |a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
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| − | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes
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| − | |q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
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| − | |a2=Mucosal surfaces
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| − | |l2=Immunoglobulin A
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| − | |q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *False
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| − | *IgA is a dimer
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| − | |l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure
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| − | |q4=What are the functions of IgA?
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| − | |a4=
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| − | *Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
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| − | *Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
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| − | *Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
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| − | |l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function
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| − | |q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
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| − | |a5=
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| − | *Ruminants
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| − | *Pigs
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| − | *Dogs
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| − | *Rodents
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| − | |l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function
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| − | |q6=What is the main function of IgD?
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| − | |a6=Helps B cell development
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| − | |l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function
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| − | |q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
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| − | |a7=True
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| − | |l7=Immunoglobulin E
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| − | |q8=What are the functions of IgE? | |
| − | |a8= | |
| − | *Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
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| − | *Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
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| − | *Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
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| − | |l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function
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| − | |q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
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| − | |a9=True
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| − | |l9=Immunoglobulin G
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| − | |q10=Where is IgG produced?
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| − | |a10=Bone marrow
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| − | *Spleen
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| − | *Lymph nodes
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| − | |l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production
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| − | |q11=What is the function of IgG?
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| − | |a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
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| − | *Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
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| − | *Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
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| − | |l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function
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| − | |q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
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| − | |a12=
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| − | *True
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| − | *But it is secreted as a pentamer
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| − | |l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure
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| − | |q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
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| − | |a13=
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| − | *Cannot cross the placenta
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| − | *Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
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| − | *Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
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| − | |l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production
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| − | |q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
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| − | |a14=
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| − | *Complement activation
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| − | *Agglutination
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| − | *Opsonisation
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| − | *Virus neutralisation
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| − | |l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| − | ===Immunoglobulins Variation===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="6">
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| − | |q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
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| − | |a1=
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| − | *IGH genes
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| − | *Heavy chain
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| − | |l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation
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| − | |q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
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| − | <p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
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| − | |a2=
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| − | *four
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| − | *three
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| − | *three or four
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| − | |l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation
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| − | |q3=What are allotypes?
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
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| − | *Allotypes are inheritable
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| − | |l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
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| − | |q4=What are idiotypes?
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| − | |a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
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| − | |l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
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| − | |q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
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| − | |a5=
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| − | *After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
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| − | *Only after direct influence of T cells
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| − | *Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
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| − | *The same varibale domains are kept
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| − | |l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching | |
| − | |q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other? | |
| − | |a6=
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| − | *Size
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| − | *Charge
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| − | *Amino acid composition
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| − | *Associated carbohydrate
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| − | *Function
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| − | |l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| | | | |
| − | <br><br> | + | ==<font color="purple">Heading</font>== |
| − | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" |
| − | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
| − | [[Category:Immunoglobulins]]
| + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
| | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |<big>'''Question?''' |
| | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| | + | *'''''Answer''''' |
| | + | ||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| | + | |} |
