Difference between revisions of "Immunoglobulins Flashcards"

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===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
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{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="8">
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|backcolour = FFE4E1
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|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
+
|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
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|a1=Antibodies
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|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
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|l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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|a2=
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|pagetype =Blood
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*1 variable domain
+
}}
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*3 or 4 constant domains
 
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|l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
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|q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
 
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|a3=
 
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*1 variable domain
 
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*1 constant domain
 
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|l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q4=What are hypervariable domains?
 
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|a4=
 
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*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
 
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*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
 
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|l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
 
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|a5=
 
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*Fragment associated with antigen binding
 
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*Light chain
 
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|l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
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|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
 
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|a6=
 
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*Constant fragment
 
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*Heavy chain
 
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|l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
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|q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
 
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|a7=Mediates phagocytosis
 
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*Triggers inflammation
 
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*Targets Ig to certain tissues
 
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|l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
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|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
 
−
|a8=
 
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*Blockage and agglutination
 
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*Promotion of phagocytosis
 
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*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
 
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*Complement Fixation
 
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|l8=Immunoglobulins#Function
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="14">
 
−
|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
 
−
|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
 
−
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes
 
−
|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
 
−
|a2=Mucosal surfaces
 
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|l2=Immunoglobulin A
 
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|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
 
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|a3=
 
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*False
 
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*IgA is a dimer
 
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|l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure
 
−
|q4=What are the functions of IgA?
 
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|a4=
 
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*Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
 
−
*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
 
−
*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
 
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|l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function
 
−
|q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
 
−
|a5=
 
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*Ruminants
 
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*Pigs
 
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*Dogs
 
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*Rodents
 
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|l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function
 
−
|q6=What is the main function of IgD?
 
−
|a6=Helps B cell development
 
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|l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function
 
−
|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
 
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|a7=True
 
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|l7=Immunoglobulin E
 
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|q8=What are the functions of IgE?
 
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|a8=
 
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*Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
 
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*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
 
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*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
 
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|l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function
 
−
|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
 
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|a9=True
 
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|l9=Immunoglobulin G
 
−
|q10=Where is IgG produced?
 
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|a10=Bone marrow
 
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*Spleen
 
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*Lymph nodes
 
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|l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production
 
−
|q11=What is the function of IgG?
 
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|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
 
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*Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
 
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*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
 
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|l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function
 
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|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
 
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|a12=
 
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*True
 
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*But it is secreted as a pentamer
 
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|l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure
 
−
|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
 
−
|a13=
 
−
*Cannot cross the placenta
 
−
*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
 
−
*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
 
−
|l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production
 
−
|q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
 
−
|a14=
 
−
*Complement activation
 
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*Agglutination
 
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*Opsonisation
 
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*Virus neutralisation
 
−
|l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Immunoglobulins Variation===
 
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<FlashCard questions="6">
 
−
|q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
 
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|a1=
 
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*IGH genes
 
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*Heavy chain
 
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|l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation
 
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|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
 
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<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
 
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|a2=
 
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*four
 
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*three
 
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*three or four
 
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|l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation
 
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|q3=What are allotypes?
 
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|a3=
 
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*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
 
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*Allotypes are inheritable
 
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|l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
 
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|q4=What are idiotypes?
 
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|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
 
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|l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
 
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|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
 
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|a5=
 
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*After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
 
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*Only after direct influence of T cells
 
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*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
 
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*The same varibale domains are kept
 
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|l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
 
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|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
 
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|a6=
 
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*Size
 
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*Charge
 
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*Amino acid composition
 
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*Associated carbohydrate
 
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*Function
 
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|l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
  
−
<br><br>
+
==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Structure and Function</font>==
−
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
[[Category:Immunoglobulins]]
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are immunoglobulins also known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Antibodies'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How many domains does the heavy chain have?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''1 variable domain'''''
 +
*'''''3 or 4 constant domains'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How many domains does the light chain have?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''1 variable domain'''''
 +
*'''''1 constant domain'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are hypervariable domains?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind'''''
 +
*'''''Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Fragment associated with antigen binding'''''
 +
*'''''Light chain'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Constant fragment'''''
 +
*'''''Heavy chain'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What does the Fc fragment do?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mediates phagocytosis'''''
 +
*'''''Triggers inflammation'''''
 +
*'''''Targets Ig to certain tissues'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the four major effects of antibodies?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Blockage and agglutination'''''
 +
*'''''Promotion of phagocytosis'''''
 +
*'''''Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils'''''
 +
*'''''Complement Fixation'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
==<font color="purple">Classes of Immunoglobulin</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''They each have a different composition to their heavy chains'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mucosal surfaces'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgA is a monomer'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''IgA is a dimer'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the functions of IgA?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen'''''
 +
*'''''Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut'''''
 +
*'''''Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''In which species has IgD been identified?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ruminants'''''
 +
*'''''Pigs'''''
 +
*'''''Dogs'''''
 +
*'''''Rodents'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the main function of IgD?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Helps B cell development'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the functions of IgE?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation'''''
 +
*'''''Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions'''''
 +
*'''''Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where is IgG produced?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Bone marrow'''''
 +
*'''''Spleen'''''
 +
*'''''Lymph nodes'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Production|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the function of IgG?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade'''''
 +
*'''''Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils'''''
 +
*'''''Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgM is a monomer'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
*'''''But it is secreted as a pentamer'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cannot cross the placenta'''''
 +
*'''''Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily'''''
 +
*'''''Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Production|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the main functions of IgM?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Complement activation'''''
 +
*'''''Agglutination'''''
 +
*'''''Opsonisation'''''
 +
*'''''Virus neutralisation'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Variation</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are immunoglobulins also known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Antibodies'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<big><center>[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 13:28, 5 September 2008

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Immunoglobulins Structure and Function

Question Answer Article
What are immunoglobulins also known as?
  • Antibodies
 Link to Answer Article
How many domains does the heavy chain have?
  • 1 variable domain
  • 3 or 4 constant domains
 Link to Answer Article
How many domains does the light chain have?
  • 1 variable domain
  • 1 constant domain
 Link to Answer Article
What are hypervariable domains?
  • Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
  • Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
 Link to Answer Article
What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
  • Fragment associated with antigen binding
  • Light chain
 Link to Answer Article
What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
  • Constant fragment
  • Heavy chain
 Link to Answer Article
What does the Fc fragment do?
  • Mediates phagocytosis
  • Triggers inflammation
  • Targets Ig to certain tissues
 Link to Answer Article
What are the four major effects of antibodies?
  • Blockage and agglutination
  • Promotion of phagocytosis
  • Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
  • Complement Fixation
 Link to Answer Article



Classes of Immunoglobulin

Question Answer Article
How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
  • They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
 Link to Answer Article
IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
  • Mucosal surfaces
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgA is a monomer
  • False
  • IgA is a dimer
 Link to Answer Article
What are the functions of IgA?
  • Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
  • Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
  • Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
 Link to Answer Article
In which species has IgD been identified?
  • Ruminants
  • Pigs
  • Dogs
  • Rodents
 Link to Answer Article
What is the main function of IgD?
  • Helps B cell development
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
  • True
 Link to Answer Article
What are the functions of IgE?
  • Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
  • Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
  • Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
  • True
 Link to Answer Article
Where is IgG produced?
  • Bone marrow
  • Spleen
  • Lymph nodes
 Link to Answer Article
What is the function of IgG?
  • Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
  • Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils
  • Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgM is a monomer
  • True
  • But it is secreted as a pentamer
 Link to Answer Article
IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
  • Cannot cross the placenta
  • Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
  • Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main functions of IgM?
  • Complement activation
  • Agglutination
  • Opsonisation
  • Virus neutralisation
 Link to Answer Article



Immunoglobulins Variation

Question Answer Article
What are immunoglobulins also known as?
  • Antibodies
 Link to Answer Article



BACK TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS
BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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