Difference between revisions of "Immunoglobulins Flashcards"

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===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
+
{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="8">
+
|backcolour = FFE4E1
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|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
+
|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
−
|a1=Antibodies
+
|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
−
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction
+
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
+
|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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|a2=
+
|pagetype =Blood
−
*1 variable domain
+
}}
−
*3 or 4 constant domains
 
−
|l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*1 variable domain
 
−
*1 constant domain
 
−
|l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q4=What are hypervariable domains?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
 
−
*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
 
−
|l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
 
−
|a5=
 
−
*Fragment associated with antigen binding
 
−
*Light chain
 
−
|l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*Constant fragment
 
−
*Heavy chain
 
−
|l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
 
−
|a7=Mediates phagocytosis
 
−
*Triggers inflammation
 
−
*Targets Ig to certain tissues
 
−
|l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure
 
−
|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
 
−
|a8=
 
−
*Blockage and agglutination
 
−
*Promotion of phagocytosis
 
−
*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
 
−
*Complement Fixation
 
−
|l8=Immunoglobulins#Function
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="14">
 
−
|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
 
−
|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
 
−
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes
 
−
|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
 
−
|a2=Mucosal surfaces
 
−
|l2=Immunoglobulin A
 
−
|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*False
 
−
*IgA is a dimer
 
−
|l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure
 
−
|q4=What are the functions of IgA?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
 
−
*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
 
−
*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
 
−
|l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function
 
−
|q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
 
−
|a5=
 
−
*Ruminants
 
−
*Pigs
 
−
*Dogs
 
−
*Rodents
 
−
|l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function
 
−
|q6=What is the main function of IgD?
 
−
|a6=Helps B cell development
 
−
|l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function
 
−
|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
 
−
|a7=True
 
−
|l7=Immunoglobulin E
 
−
|q8=What are the functions of IgE?
 
−
|a8=
 
−
*Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
 
−
*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
 
−
*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
 
−
|l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function
 
−
|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
 
−
|a9=True
 
−
|l9=Immunoglobulin G
 
−
|q10=Where is IgG produced?
 
−
|a10=Bone marrow
 
−
*Spleen
 
−
*Lymph nodes
 
−
|l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production
 
−
|q11=What is the function of IgG?
 
−
|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
 
−
*Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
 
−
*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
 
−
|l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function
 
−
|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
 
−
|a12=
 
−
*True
 
−
*But it is secreted as a pentamer
 
−
|l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure
 
−
|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
 
−
|a13=
 
−
*Cannot cross the placenta
 
−
*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
 
−
*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
 
−
|l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production
 
−
|q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
 
−
|a14=
 
−
*Complement activation
 
−
*Agglutination
 
−
*Opsonisation
 
−
*Virus neutralisation
 
−
|l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Immunoglobulins Variation===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="6">
 
−
|q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
 
−
|a1=
 
−
*IGH genes
 
−
*Heavy chain
 
−
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation
 
−
|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
 
−
<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*four
 
−
*three
 
−
*three or four
 
−
|l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation
 
−
|q3=What are allotypes?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
 
−
*Allotypes are inheritable
 
−
|l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
 
−
|q4=What are idiotypes?
 
−
|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
 
−
|l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
 
−
|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
 
−
|a5=
 
−
*After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
 
−
*Only after direct influence of T cells
 
−
*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
 
−
*The same varibale domains are kept
 
−
|l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
 
−
|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*Size
 
−
*Charge
 
−
*Amino acid composition
 
−
*Associated carbohydrate
 
−
*Function
 
−
|l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
  
−
<br><br>
+
==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Structure and Function</font>==
−
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
[[Category:Immunoglobulins]]
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are immunoglobulins also known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Antibodies'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How many domains does the heavy chain have?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''1 variable domain'''''
 +
*'''''3 or 4 constant domains'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How many domains does the light chain have?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''1 variable domain'''''
 +
*'''''1 constant domain'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are hypervariable domains?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind'''''
 +
*'''''Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Fragment associated with antigen binding'''''
 +
*'''''Light chain'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Constant fragment'''''
 +
*'''''Heavy chain'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What does the Fc fragment do?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mediates phagocytosis'''''
 +
*'''''Triggers inflammation'''''
 +
*'''''Targets Ig to certain tissues'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the four major effects of antibodies?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Blockage and agglutination'''''
 +
*'''''Promotion of phagocytosis'''''
 +
*'''''Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils'''''
 +
*'''''Complement Fixation'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
==<font color="purple">Classes of Immunoglobulin</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''They each have a different composition to their heavy chains'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Classes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mucosal surfaces'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgA is a monomer'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''IgA is a dimer'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the functions of IgA?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen'''''
 +
*'''''Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut'''''
 +
*'''''Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin A - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''In which species has IgD been identified?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ruminants'''''
 +
*'''''Pigs'''''
 +
*'''''Dogs'''''
 +
*'''''Rodents'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the main function of IgD?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Helps B cell development'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin D - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the functions of IgE?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation'''''
 +
*'''''Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions'''''
 +
*'''''Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin E - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where is IgG produced?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Bone marrow'''''
 +
*'''''Spleen'''''
 +
*'''''Lymph nodes'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Production|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the function of IgG?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade'''''
 +
*'''''Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils'''''
 +
*'''''Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin G - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: IgM is a monomer'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
*'''''But it is secreted as a pentamer'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Structure|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cannot cross the placenta'''''
 +
*'''''Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily'''''
 +
*'''''Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Production|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the main functions of IgM?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Complement activation'''''
 +
*'''''Agglutination'''''
 +
*'''''Opsonisation'''''
 +
*'''''Virus neutralisation'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulin M - WikiBlood#Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Immunoglobulins Variation</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''IGH genes'''''
 +
*'''''Heavy chain'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes'''
 +
||<big>Humans and rodents have <font color="white">'''''four'''''</font> IgG subtypes. Dogs have <font color="white">'''''three'''''</font> IgG subtypes. Ruminats have <font color="white">'''''three or four'''''</font> IgG subtypes.
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Variation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are allotypes?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species'''''
 +
*'''''Allotypes are inheritable'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are idiotypes?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Allo & Idiotypes|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate'''''
 +
*'''''Only after direct influence of T cells'''''
 +
*'''''Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised'''''
 +
*'''''The same varibale domains are kept'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Size'''''
 +
*'''''Charge'''''
 +
*'''''Amino acid composition'''''
 +
*'''''Associated carbohydrate'''''
 +
*'''''Function'''''
 +
||[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood#Immunoglobulin Class Switching|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<big><center>[[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 13:43, 5 September 2008

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Immunoglobulins Structure and Function

Question Answer Article
What are immunoglobulins also known as?
  • Antibodies
 Link to Answer Article
How many domains does the heavy chain have?
  • 1 variable domain
  • 3 or 4 constant domains
 Link to Answer Article
How many domains does the light chain have?
  • 1 variable domain
  • 1 constant domain
 Link to Answer Article
What are hypervariable domains?
  • Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
  • Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
 Link to Answer Article
What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
  • Fragment associated with antigen binding
  • Light chain
 Link to Answer Article
What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
  • Constant fragment
  • Heavy chain
 Link to Answer Article
What does the Fc fragment do?
  • Mediates phagocytosis
  • Triggers inflammation
  • Targets Ig to certain tissues
 Link to Answer Article
What are the four major effects of antibodies?
  • Blockage and agglutination
  • Promotion of phagocytosis
  • Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
  • Complement Fixation
 Link to Answer Article



Classes of Immunoglobulin

Question Answer Article
How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
  • They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
 Link to Answer Article
IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
  • Mucosal surfaces
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgA is a monomer
  • False
  • IgA is a dimer
 Link to Answer Article
What are the functions of IgA?
  • Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
  • Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
  • Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
 Link to Answer Article
In which species has IgD been identified?
  • Ruminants
  • Pigs
  • Dogs
  • Rodents
 Link to Answer Article
What is the main function of IgD?
  • Helps B cell development
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
  • True
 Link to Answer Article
What are the functions of IgE?
  • Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
  • Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
  • Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
  • True
 Link to Answer Article
Where is IgG produced?
  • Bone marrow
  • Spleen
  • Lymph nodes
 Link to Answer Article
What is the function of IgG?
  • Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
  • Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils
  • Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgM is a monomer
  • True
  • But it is secreted as a pentamer
 Link to Answer Article
IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
  • Cannot cross the placenta
  • Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
  • Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main functions of IgM?
  • Complement activation
  • Agglutination
  • Opsonisation
  • Virus neutralisation
 Link to Answer Article



Immunoglobulins Variation

Question Answer Article
Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
  • IGH genes
  • Heavy chain
 Link to Answer Article
Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes Humans and rodents have four IgG subtypes. Dogs have three IgG subtypes. Ruminats have three or four IgG subtypes. Link to Answer Article
What are allotypes?
  • Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
  • Allotypes are inheritable
 Link to Answer Article
What are idiotypes?
  • Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
 Link to Answer Article
What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
  • After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
  • Only after direct influence of T cells
  • Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
  • The same varibale domains are kept
 Link to Answer Article
How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
  • Size
  • Charge
  • Amino acid composition
  • Associated carbohydrate
  • Function
 Link to Answer Article



BACK TO THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS
BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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