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| − | ===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)===
| + | {{toplink |
| − | <FlashCard questions="10">
| + | |backcolour = FFE4E1 |
| − | |q1=How can antibodies be transferred between individuals? | + | |linkpage =Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood |
| − | |a1= | + | |linktext =MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY |
| − | *Colostrum
| + | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood |
| − | *Crossing of the placenta
| + | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS |
| − | *Milk
| + | |pagetype =Blood |
| − | *Vaccination
| + | }} |
| − | *Plasma transfusions
| + | |
| − | |l1=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
| + | ==<font color="purple">Complement Fixation Pathways</font>== |
| − | |q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies? | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" |
| − | |a2= | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
| − | *Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system
| + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
| − | *Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable
| + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
| − | *Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection
| + | |- |
| − | |l2=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
| + | |<big>'''What are the names of the different pathways of the complement cascade?''' |
| − | |q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta? | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| − | |a3= | + | *'''''Classical''''' |
| − | *Ruminants
| + | *'''''Alternative''''' |
| − | *Horses
| + | *'''''Mannose-binding Lectin''''' |
| − | *Pigs
| + | ||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| − | |l3=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
| + | |} |
| − | |q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?
| + | <br> |
| − | |a4=Endotheliochorial
| + | <br> |
| − | |l4=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
| + | <big><center>[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY''']]</center></big> |
| − | |q5=What does colostrum contain? | + | <big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big> |
| − | |a5=
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| − | *Immune factors
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| − | *Growth factors
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| − | *Vitamins
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| − | *Minerals
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| − | |l5=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
| |
| − | |q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum? | |
| − | |a6=
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| − | *IgG in the largest amount
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| − | *IgA
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| − | *IgM
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| − | |l6=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
| − | |q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk
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| − | |a7= | |
| − | *False
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| − | *IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk
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| − | *IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk
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| − | |l7=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction | |
| − | |q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate? | |
| − | |a8=
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| − | *The neonate does not recieve colostrum
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| − | *The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum
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| − | *The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum
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| − | *The quality of the colostrum was inadequate
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| − | |l8=Failure of Passive Transfer
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| − | |q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon?
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| − | |a9=
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| − | *Breed
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| − | *Nutrition
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| − | *Season
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| − | *Stress
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| − | *Immunostatus of the dam
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| − | *Milk yield
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| − | *Pre-milking
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| − | *Parity
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| − | *Dripping from the teats
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| − | |l9=Failure of Passive Transfer
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| − | |q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?
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| − | |a10= | |
| − | *Amount the neonate suckles
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| − | *Premature births
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| − | |l10=Failure of Passive Transfer | |
| − | </FlashCard>
| |
| − | ===Testing Colostrum Quality===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="9"> | |
| − | |q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance
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| − | |a1=True
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| − | |l1=Colostrum Quality Testing
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| − | |q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?
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| − | |a2=
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| − | *Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year | |
| − | *Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days | |
| − | |l2=Colostrum Quality Testing | |
| − | |q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested? | |
| − | |a3=
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| − | *By a colostrometer
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| − | *Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test
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| − | *Total serum protein can be calculated
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| − | |l3=Colostrum Quality Testing
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| − | |q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?
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| − | |a4=IgG
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| − | |l4=Colostrum Quality Testing
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| − | |q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?
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| − | |a5=
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| − | *Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated
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| − | *Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated
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| − | |l5=Colostrum Quality Testing
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| − | |q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?
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| − | |a6=Above 30 ZST units
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| − | |l6=Colostrum Quality Testing
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| − | |q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?
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| − | |a7=Above 800 mg/dl
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| − | |l7=Colostrum Quality Testing
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| − | |q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?
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| − | |a8=
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| − | *A refractometer
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| − | *2-8 days old
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| − | |l8=Colostrum Quality Testing | |
| − | |q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?
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| − | |a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl
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| − | |l9=Colostrum Quality Testing
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| − | </FlashCard>
| |
| − | ===Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="3"> | |
| − | |q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur?
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| − | |a1=
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| − | *When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam
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| − | *As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells
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| − | |l1=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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| − | |q2=When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur?
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| − | |a2=
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| − | *First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare
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| − | *Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to
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| − | |l2=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis | |
| − | |q3=True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules
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| − | |a3=True
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| − | |l3=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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| − | </FlashCard> | |
| − | <br><br> | |
| − | {{Jim Bee 2007}}
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| − | [[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|Z]] | |
| − | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | |
