Difference between revisions of "Materno-fetal Immunity Flashcards"

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===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)===
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{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="10">
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|backcolour = FFE4E1
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|q1=How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?
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|linkpage =Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood
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|a1=
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|linktext =MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY
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*Colostrum
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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*Crossing of the placenta
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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*Milk
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|pagetype =Blood
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*Vaccination
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}}
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*Plasma transfusions
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|l1=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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==<font color="purple">Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)</font>==
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|q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies?
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|a2=
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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*Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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*Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection
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|-
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|l2=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|<big>'''How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?'''
−
|q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a3=
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*'''''Colostrum'''''
−
*Ruminants
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*'''''Crossing of the placenta'''''
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*Horses
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*'''''Milk'''''
−
*Pigs
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*'''''Vaccination'''''
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|l3=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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*'''''Plasma transfusions'''''
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|q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a4=Endotheliochorial
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|-
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|l4=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|<big>'''Why do neonates require maternal antibodies?'''
−
|q5=What does colostrum contain?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a5=
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*'''''Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system'''''
−
*Immune factors
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*'''''Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable'''''
−
*Growth factors
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*'''''Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection'''''
−
*Vitamins
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Minerals
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|-
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|l5=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|<big>'''In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?'''
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|q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a6=
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*'''''Ruminants'''''
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*IgG in the largest amount
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*'''''Horses'''''
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*IgA
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*'''''Pigs'''''
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*IgM
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via placenta|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l6=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|-
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|q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk
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|<big>'''What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?'''
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|a7=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*False
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*'''''Endotheliochorial'''''
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*IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk
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|-
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|l7=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
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|<big>'''What does colostrum contain?'''
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|q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a8=
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*'''''Immune factors'''''
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*The neonate does not recieve colostrum
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*'''''Growth factors'''''
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*The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum
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*'''''Vitamins'''''
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*The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum
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*'''''Minerals'''''
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*The quality of the colostrum was inadequate
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l8=Failure of Passive Transfer
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|-
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|q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon?
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|<big>'''Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum?'''
−
|a9=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Breed
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*'''''IgG in the largest amount'''''
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*Nutrition
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*'''''IgA'''''
−
*Season
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*'''''IgM'''''
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*Stress
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Immunostatus of the dam
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|-
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*Milk yield
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|<big>'''True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk'''
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*Pre-milking
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Parity
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*'''''False'''''
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*Dripping from the teats
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*'''''IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk'''''
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|l9=Failure of Passive Transfer
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*'''''IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk'''''
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|q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a10=
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|-
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*Amount the neonate suckles
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|<big>'''When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate?'''
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*Premature births
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l10=Failure of Passive Transfer
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*'''''The neonate does not recieve colostrum'''''
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</FlashCard>
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*'''''The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum'''''
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===Testing Colostrum Quality===
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*'''''The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum'''''
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<FlashCard questions="9">
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*'''''The quality of the colostrum was inadequate'''''
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|q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Failure of passive transfer (FPT)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a1=True
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|-
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|l1=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|<big>'''What does colostrum quality depend upon?'''
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|q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a2=
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*'''''Breed'''''
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*Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year
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*'''''Nutrition'''''
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*Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days
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*'''''Season'''''
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|l2=Colostrum Quality Testing
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*'''''Stress'''''
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|q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested?
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*'''''Immunostatus of the dam'''''
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|a3=
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*'''''Milk yield'''''
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*By a colostrometer
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*'''''Pre-milking'''''
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*Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test
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*'''''Parity'''''
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*Total serum protein can be calculated
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*'''''Dripping from the teats'''''
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|l3=Colostrum Quality Testing
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Failure of passive transfer (FPT)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?
+
|-
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|a4=IgG
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|<big>'''What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?'''
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|l4=Colostrum Quality Testing
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?
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*'''''Amount the neonate suckles'''''
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|a5=
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*'''''Premature births'''''
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*Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Failure of passive transfer (FPT)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated
+
|}
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|l5=Colostrum Quality Testing
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<br>
−
|q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?
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<br>
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|a6=Above 30 ZST units
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==<font color="purple">Testing Colostrum Quality</font>==
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|l6=Colostrum Quality Testing
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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|q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|a7=Above 800 mg/dl
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|l7=Colostrum Quality Testing
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?
+
|-
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|a8=
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|<big>'''True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance'''
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*A refractometer
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*2-8 days old
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*'''''True'''''
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|l8=Colostrum Quality Testing
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Testing colostrum quality|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?
+
|-
−
|a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl
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|<big>'''How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?'''
−
|l9=Colostrum Quality Testing
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
</FlashCard>
+
*'''''Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year'''''
−
===Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)===
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*'''''Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days'''''
−
<FlashCard questions="3">
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Testing colostrum quality|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur?
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|-
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|a1=
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|<big>'''How can the immune status of colostrum be tested?'''
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*When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells
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*'''''By a colostrometer'''''
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|l1=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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*'''''Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test'''''
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|q2=When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur?
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*'''''Total serum protein can be calculated'''''
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|a2=
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Testing colostrum quality|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare
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|-
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*Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to
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|<big>'''Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?'''
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|l2=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q3=True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules
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*'''''IgG'''''
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|a3=True
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Colostrometer|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l3=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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|-
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</FlashCard>
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|<big>'''Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?'''
−
<br><br>
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
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*'''''Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated'''''
−
[[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|Z]]
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*'''''Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated'''''
−
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Colostrometer|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Above 30 ZST units'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Above 800 mg/dl'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''A refractometer'''''
 +
*'''''2-8 days old'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Total serum protein|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Above 4.5 mg/dl'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Total serum protein|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Alloimmune Haemalytic Anaemia of the Newborn</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Colostrum'''''
 +
*'''''Crossing of the placenta'''''
 +
*'''''Milk'''''
 +
*'''''Vaccination'''''
 +
*'''''Plasma transfusions'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<big><center>[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 15:27, 5 September 2008

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)

Question Answer Article
How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?
  • Colostrum
  • Crossing of the placenta
  • Milk
  • Vaccination
  • Plasma transfusions
 Link to Answer Article
Why do neonates require maternal antibodies?
  • Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system
  • Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable
  • Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection
 Link to Answer Article
In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?
  • Ruminants
  • Horses
  • Pigs
 Link to Answer Article
What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?
  • Endotheliochorial
 Link to Answer Article
What does colostrum contain?
  • Immune factors
  • Growth factors
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
 Link to Answer Article
Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum?
  • IgG in the largest amount
  • IgA
  • IgM
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk
  • False
  • IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk
  • IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk
 Link to Answer Article
When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate?
  • The neonate does not recieve colostrum
  • The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum
  • The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum
  • The quality of the colostrum was inadequate
 Link to Answer Article
What does colostrum quality depend upon?
  • Breed
  • Nutrition
  • Season
  • Stress
  • Immunostatus of the dam
  • Milk yield
  • Pre-milking
  • Parity
  • Dripping from the teats
 Link to Answer Article
What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?
  • Amount the neonate suckles
  • Premature births
 Link to Answer Article



Testing Colostrum Quality

Question Answer Article
True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance
  • True
 Link to Answer Article
How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?
  • Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year
  • Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days
 Link to Answer Article
How can the immune status of colostrum be tested?
  • By a colostrometer
  • Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test
  • Total serum protein can be calculated
 Link to Answer Article
Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?
  • IgG
 Link to Answer Article
Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?
  • Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated
  • Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated
 Link to Answer Article
What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?
  • Above 30 ZST units
 Link to Answer Article
What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?
  • Above 800 mg/dl
 Link to Answer Article
What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?
  • A refractometer
  • 2-8 days old
 Link to Answer Article
What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?
  • Above 4.5 mg/dl
 Link to Answer Article



Alloimmune Haemalytic Anaemia of the Newborn

Question Answer Article
How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?
  • Colostrum
  • Crossing of the placenta
  • Milk
  • Vaccination
  • Plasma transfusions
 Link to Answer Article



BACK TO MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY
BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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