Difference between revisions of "Materno-fetal Immunity Flashcards"

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===Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)===
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{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="10">
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|backcolour = FFE4E1
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|q1=How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?
+
|linkpage =Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood
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|a1=
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|linktext =MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY
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*Colostrum
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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*Crossing of the placenta
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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*Milk
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|pagetype =Blood
−
*Vaccination
+
}}
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*Plasma transfusions
+
 
−
|l1=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
+
==<font color="purple">Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)</font>==
−
|q2=Why do neonates require maternal antibodies?
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|a2=
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
*Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection
+
|-
−
|l2=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
+
|<big>'''How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?'''
−
|q3=In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a3=
+
*'''''Colostrum'''''
−
*Ruminants
+
*'''''Crossing of the placenta'''''
−
*Horses
+
*'''''Milk'''''
−
*Pigs
+
*'''''Vaccination'''''
−
|l3=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
+
*'''''Plasma transfusions'''''
−
|q4=What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|a4=Endotheliochorial
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|-
−
|l4=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
+
|<big>'''Why do neonates require maternal antibodies?'''
−
|q5=What does colostrum contain?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a5=
+
*'''''Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system'''''
−
*Immune factors
+
*'''''Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable'''''
−
*Growth factors
+
*'''''Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection'''''
−
*Vitamins
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Minerals
+
|-
−
|l5=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
+
|<big>'''In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?'''
−
|q6=Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a6=
+
*'''''Ruminants'''''
−
*IgG in the largest amount
+
*'''''Horses'''''
−
*IgA
+
*'''''Pigs'''''
−
*IgM
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via placenta|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l6=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
+
|-
−
|q7=True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk
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|<big>'''What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?'''
−
|a7=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*False
+
*'''''Endotheliochorial'''''
−
*IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk
+
|-
−
|l7=Materno-Fetal Immunity - Introduction
+
|<big>'''What does colostrum contain?'''
−
|q8=When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a8=
+
*'''''Immune factors'''''
−
*The neonate does not recieve colostrum
+
*'''''Growth factors'''''
−
*The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum
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*'''''Vitamins'''''
−
*The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum
+
*'''''Minerals'''''
−
*The quality of the colostrum was inadequate
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l8=Failure of Passive Transfer
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|-
−
|q9=What does colostrum quality depend upon?
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|<big>'''Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum?'''
−
|a9=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Breed
+
*'''''IgG in the largest amount'''''
−
*Nutrition
+
*'''''IgA'''''
−
*Season
+
*'''''IgM'''''
−
*Stress
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Immunostatus of the dam
+
|-
−
*Milk yield
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|<big>'''True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk'''
−
*Pre-milking
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Parity
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*'''''False'''''
−
*Dripping from the teats
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*'''''IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk'''''
−
|l9=Failure of Passive Transfer
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*'''''IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk'''''
−
|q10=What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|a10=
+
|-
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*Amount the neonate suckles
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|<big>'''When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate?'''
−
*Premature births
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||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|l10=Failure of Passive Transfer
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*'''''The neonate does not recieve colostrum'''''
−
</FlashCard>
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*'''''The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum'''''
−
===Testing Colostrum Quality===
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*'''''The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum'''''
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<FlashCard questions="9">
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*'''''The quality of the colostrum was inadequate'''''
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|q1=True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance
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||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Failure of passive transfer (FPT)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|a1=True
+
|-
−
|l1=Colostrum Quality Testing
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|<big>'''What does colostrum quality depend upon?'''
−
|q2=How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a2=
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*'''''Breed'''''
−
*Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year
+
*'''''Nutrition'''''
−
*Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days
+
*'''''Season'''''
−
|l2=Colostrum Quality Testing
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*'''''Stress'''''
−
|q3=How can the immune status of colostrum be tested?
+
*'''''Immunostatus of the dam'''''
−
|a3=
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*'''''Milk yield'''''
−
*By a colostrometer
+
*'''''Pre-milking'''''
−
*Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test
+
*'''''Parity'''''
−
*Total serum protein can be calculated
+
*'''''Dripping from the teats'''''
−
|l3=Colostrum Quality Testing
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Failure of passive transfer (FPT)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q4=Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?
+
|-
−
|a4=IgG
+
|<big>'''What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?'''
−
|l4=Colostrum Quality Testing
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q5=Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?
+
*'''''Amount the neonate suckles'''''
−
|a5=
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*'''''Premature births'''''
−
*Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Failure of passive transfer (FPT)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated
+
|}
−
|l5=Colostrum Quality Testing
+
<br>
−
|q6=What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?
+
<br>
−
|a6=Above 30 ZST units
+
==<font color="purple">Testing Colostrum Quality</font>==
−
|l6=Colostrum Quality Testing
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q7=What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a7=Above 800 mg/dl
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
|l7=Colostrum Quality Testing
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
|q8=What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?
+
|-
−
|a8=
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|<big>'''True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance'''
−
*A refractometer
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*2-8 days old
+
*'''''True'''''
−
|l8=Colostrum Quality Testing
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Testing colostrum quality|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q9=What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?
+
|-
−
|a9=Above 4.5 mg/dl
+
|<big>'''How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?'''
−
|l9=Colostrum Quality Testing
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
</FlashCard>
+
*'''''Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year'''''
−
===Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)===
+
*'''''Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days'''''
−
<FlashCard questions="3">
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Testing colostrum quality|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q1=When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur?
+
|-
−
|a1=
+
|<big>'''How can the immune status of colostrum be tested?'''
−
*When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells
+
*'''''By a colostrometer'''''
−
|l1=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
+
*'''''Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test'''''
−
|q2=When does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur?
+
*'''''Total serum protein can be calculated'''''
−
|a2=
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Testing colostrum quality|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare
+
|-
−
*Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to
+
|<big>'''Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?'''
−
|l2=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q3=True or False: Neonatal Isoerythrolysis always occurs in mules
+
*'''''IgG'''''
−
|a3=True
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Colostrometer|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l3=Neonatal Isoerythrolysis
+
|-
−
</FlashCard>
+
|<big>'''Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?'''
−
<br><br>
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
+
*'''''Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated'''''
−
[[Category:Materno-Fetal Immunity|Z]]
+
*'''''Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated'''''
−
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
+
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Colostrometer|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Above 30 ZST units'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Above 800 mg/dl'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''A refractometer'''''
 +
*'''''2-8 days old'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Total serum protein|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Above 4.5 mg/dl'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Total serum protein|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Neonatal Isoerytholysis (NI)</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam'''''
 +
*'''''As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Alloimmune haemalytic anaemia of the newborn|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''When does Neonatal Isoerytholysis occur?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare'''''
 +
*'''''Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Neonatal Isoerytholysis (NI)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Neonatal Isoerytholysis always occurs in mules'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Neonatal Isoerytholysis (NI)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<big><center>[[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 16:19, 5 September 2008

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Passive Transfer and Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)

Question Answer Article
How can antibodies be transferred between individuals?
  • Colostrum
  • Crossing of the placenta
  • Milk
  • Vaccination
  • Plasma transfusions
 Link to Answer Article
Why do neonates require maternal antibodies?
  • Immunocompromised at birth due to a poorly developed immune system
  • Mucosal surfaces are particularly vunerable
  • Colostral and milk antibodies protect neonates from infection
 Link to Answer Article
In which animals is there no passive transfer of IgG antibodies across the placenta?
  • Ruminants
  • Horses
  • Pigs
 Link to Answer Article
What type of placenta do dogs and cats have?
  • Endotheliochorial
 Link to Answer Article
What does colostrum contain?
  • Immune factors
  • Growth factors
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
 Link to Answer Article
Which immunoglobulins are present in colostrum?
  • IgG in the largest amount
  • IgA
  • IgM
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: IgA is most abundent in ruminant milk
  • False
  • IgG is most abundent in ruminant milk
  • IgA is most abundent in non-ruminant milk
 Link to Answer Article
When does inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins occur in the neonate?
  • The neonate does not recieve colostrum
  • The neonate does not recieve enough colostrum
  • The neonate does not absorb enough colostrum
  • The quality of the colostrum was inadequate
 Link to Answer Article
What does colostrum quality depend upon?
  • Breed
  • Nutrition
  • Season
  • Stress
  • Immunostatus of the dam
  • Milk yield
  • Pre-milking
  • Parity
  • Dripping from the teats
 Link to Answer Article
What does the quantity of colostrum depend upon?
  • Amount the neonate suckles
  • Premature births
 Link to Answer Article



Testing Colostrum Quality

Question Answer Article
True or False: Colostrum quality can not be determined by appearance
  • True
 Link to Answer Article
How can colostrum be stored without reducing its immunological potential?
  • Freezing immediately will make the colostrum last for a year
  • Refridgerating immediately will make the colostrum last for 5-7 days
 Link to Answer Article
How can the immune status of colostrum be tested?
  • By a colostrometer
  • Through using the Zinc Sulfate Turbidity (ZST) test
  • Total serum protein can be calculated
 Link to Answer Article
Which immunoglobulin levels does a colostrometer measure?
  • IgG
 Link to Answer Article
Why must colostrum be tested by a colostrometer at room temperature (20°C)?
  • Above 20°C levels of IgG will be underestimated
  • Below 20°C levels of IgG will be overestimated
 Link to Answer Article
What levels of ZST units would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in calves?
  • Above 30 ZST units
 Link to Answer Article
What levels of serum immunoglobulin would indicate a healthy amount of passive transfer in foals?
  • Above 800 mg/dl
 Link to Answer Article
What is total serum protein levels measured by and at which ages should neonates be tested?
  • A refractometer
  • 2-8 days old
 Link to Answer Article
What levels of serum protein indicate the neonate is healthy and does not require further colostrum?
  • Above 4.5 mg/dl
 Link to Answer Article



Neonatal Isoerytholysis (NI)

Question Answer Article
When does alloimmune haemalytic anaemia occur?
  • When a neonate inherits the sires blood type and drinks colostrum from the dam
  • As the colostrum contains antibodies against the sire and thus the neonates red blood cells
 Link to Answer Article
When does Neonatal Isoerytholysis occur?
  • First pregnancy from a stallion with incompatible blood type to the mare
  • Subsequent pregnancy from the same stallion or same blood group as previously exposed to
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: Neonatal Isoerytholysis always occurs in mules
  • True
 Link to Answer Article



BACK TO MATERNO-FETAL IMMUNITY
BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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