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| − | ===Hypersensitivity===
| + | {{toplink |
| − | <FlashCard questions="3">
| + | |backcolour = FFE4E1 |
| − | |q1=What is hypersensitivity? | + | |linkpage =Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood |
| − | |a1= | + | |linktext =HYPERSENSITIVITY |
| − | *A hyperactive immune response to an antigen
| + | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood |
| − | *Leading to cell and tissue damage
| + | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS |
| − | *It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
| + | |pagetype =Blood |
| − | |l1=Hypersensitivity - Introduction
| + | }} |
| − | |q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
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| − | |a2=Gell and Coombs
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| − | |l2=Hypersensitivity - Introduction
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| − | |q3=Complete the following sentences
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| − | <p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p>
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *antibody mediated
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| − | *cell mediated
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| − | |l3=Hypersensitivity - Introduction#Classification
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| − | ===Type I Hypersensitivity=== | |
| − | <FlashCard questions="5">
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| − | |q1=What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?
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| − | |a1=
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| − | *Anaphylactic-mediated
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| − | *IgE-mediated
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| − | |l1=Type I Hypersensitivity
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| − | |q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
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| − | |a2=Allergens
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| − | |l2=Type I Hypersensitivity#Introduction
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| − | |q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *Plant pollens
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| − | *Foods
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| − | *Drugs
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| − | *Proteins
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| − | *Insect products
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| − | |l3=Type I Hypersensitivity#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction: | |
| − | |q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? | |
| − | |a4=
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| − | *Vasodilation
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| − | *Oedema
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| − | *Mucous production
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| − | *Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], basophils, [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]] and plasma
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| − | *Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
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| − | |l4=Type I Hypersensitivity#Mechanism
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| − | |q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
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| − | |a5=
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| − | *Sweet-itch
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| − | *Atopy
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| − | *Flea allergic dermatitis
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| − | |l5=Type I Hypersensitivity#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| − | ===Type II Hypersensitivity===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="3">
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| − | |q1=What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens? | |
| − | |a1= | |
| − | *IgG
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| − | *[[IgM]]
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| − | *Fixed antigens
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| − | |l1=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction
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| − | |q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
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| − | |a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors
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| − | |l2=Type II Hypersensitivity#Mechanism
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| − | |q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
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| − | **Pemphigus vulgaris
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| − | **Bullous pemphigoid
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| − | *Complement mediated lysis
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| − | **Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
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| − | **Blood transfusion reaction
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| − | **Haemolytic disease of new born
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| − | **Feline infectious anaemia
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| − | *Phagocytosis
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| − | |l3=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction
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| − | </FlashCard>
| |
| − | ===Type III Hypersensitivity===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="5">
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| − | |q1=Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
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| − | |a1=
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| − | *IgG
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| − | *Soluble antigens
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| − | |l1=Type III Hypersensitivity#Introduction
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| − | |q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
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| − | |a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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| − | |l2=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
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| − | |q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
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| − | |a3=
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| − | *Glomerulonephritis
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| − | *Arthritis
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| − | *Vasculitis
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| − | *Acute inflammation
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| − | |l3=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
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| − | |q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
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| − | |a4=
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| − | *Vasculitis
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| − | *Erythema
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| − | *Oedema
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| − | *Neutropaenia
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| − | *Proteinurea
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| − | |l4=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
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| − | |q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
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| − | |a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
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| − | |l5=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| − | ===Type IV Hypersensitivity===
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| − | <FlashCard questions="7">
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| − | |q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
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| − | |a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity
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| − | |l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
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| − | |q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
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| − | |a2=
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| − | *Abnormal macrophage activation
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| − | *Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
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| − | |l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
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| − | |q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
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| − | |a3=Destruction of normal cells
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| − | |l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
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| − | |q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
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| − | |a4=
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| − | *Contact
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| − | *Granulomatous
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| − | |l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2 types:
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| − | |q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
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| − | |a5=Mononuclear cells
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| − | |l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity#1. Contact
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| − | |q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
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| − | |a6=
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| − | *Mycobacterium tubercle
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| − | *Schistosome eggs
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| − | |l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous
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| − | |q7=What is the tuberculin test?
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| − | |a7=
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| − | *Used for testing TB in cattle
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| − | *Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
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| − | *A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]]) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
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| − | |l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous
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| − | </FlashCard>
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| | | | |
| − | <br><br> | + | ==<font color="purple">Hypersensitivity</font>== |
| − | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" |
| − | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
| − | | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
| − | [[Category:Hypersensitivity|Z]] | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |<big>'''Question?''' |
| | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
| | + | *'''''Answer''''' |
| | + | ||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
| | + | |} |
| | + | <br> |
| | + | <br> |
| | + | <big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY''']]</center></big> |
| | + | <big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big> |
