Difference between revisions of "Hypersensitivity Flashcards"

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===Hypersensitivity===
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{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="3">
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|backcolour = FFE4E1
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|q1=What is hypersensitivity?
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|linkpage =Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood
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|a1=
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|linktext =HYPERSENSITIVITY
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*A hyperactive immune response to an antigen
+
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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*Leading to cell and tissue damage
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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*It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
+
|pagetype =Blood
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|l1=Hypersensitivity - Introduction
+
}}
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|q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
 
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|a2=Gell and Coombs
 
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|l2=Hypersensitivity - Introduction
 
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|q3=Complete the following sentences
 
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<p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p>
 
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|a3=
 
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*antibody mediated
 
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*cell mediated
 
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|l3=Hypersensitivity - Introduction#Classification
 
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</FlashCard>
 
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===Type I Hypersensitivity===
 
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<FlashCard questions="5">
 
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|q1=What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?
 
−
|a1=
 
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*Anaphylactic-mediated
 
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*IgE-mediated
 
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|l1=Type I Hypersensitivity
 
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|q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
 
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|a2=Allergens
 
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|l2=Type I Hypersensitivity#Introduction
 
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|q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
 
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|a3=
 
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*Plant pollens
 
−
*Foods
 
−
*Drugs
 
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*Proteins
 
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*Insect products
 
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|l3=Type I Hypersensitivity#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction:
 
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|q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?
 
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|a4=
 
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*Vasodilation
 
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*Oedema
 
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*Mucous production
 
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*Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], basophils, [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]] and plasma
 
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*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
 
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|l4=Type I Hypersensitivity#Mechanism
 
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|q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
 
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|a5=
 
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*Sweet-itch
 
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*Atopy
 
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*Flea allergic dermatitis
 
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|l5=Type I Hypersensitivity#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity
 
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</FlashCard>
 
−
===Type II Hypersensitivity===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="3">
 
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|q1=What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
 
−
|a1=
 
−
*IgG
 
−
*[[IgM]]
 
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*Fixed antigens
 
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|l1=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction
 
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|q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
 
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|a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors
 
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|l2=Type II Hypersensitivity#Mechanism
 
−
|q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
 
−
**Pemphigus vulgaris
 
−
**Bullous pemphigoid
 
−
*Complement mediated lysis
 
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**Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
 
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**Blood transfusion reaction
 
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**Haemolytic disease of new born
 
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**Feline infectious anaemia
 
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*Phagocytosis
 
−
|l3=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Type III Hypersensitivity===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="5">
 
−
|q1=Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
 
−
|a1=
 
−
*IgG
 
−
*Soluble antigens
 
−
|l1=Type III Hypersensitivity#Introduction
 
−
|q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
 
−
|a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
 
−
|l2=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
 
−
|q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Glomerulonephritis
 
−
*Arthritis
 
−
*Vasculitis
 
−
*Acute inflammation
 
−
|l3=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
 
−
|q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Vasculitis
 
−
*Erythema
 
−
*Oedema
 
−
*Neutropaenia
 
−
*Proteinurea
 
−
|l4=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
 
−
|q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
 
−
|a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
 
−
|l5=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes:
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
===Type IV Hypersensitivity===
 
−
<FlashCard questions="7">
 
−
|q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
 
−
|a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity
 
−
|l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
 
−
|q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*Abnormal macrophage activation
 
−
*Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
 
−
|l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
 
−
|q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
 
−
|a3=Destruction of normal cells
 
−
|l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction
 
−
|q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Contact
 
−
*Granulomatous
 
−
|l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2 types:
 
−
|q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
 
−
|a5=Mononuclear cells
 
−
|l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity#1. Contact
 
−
|q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*Mycobacterium tubercle
 
−
*Schistosome eggs
 
−
|l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous
 
−
|q7=What is the tuberculin test?
 
−
|a7=
 
−
*Used for testing TB in cattle
 
−
*Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
 
−
*A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]]) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
 
−
|l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
  
−
<br><br>
+
==<font color="purple">Hypersensitivity</font>==
−
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is hypersensitivity?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''A hyperactive immune response to an antigen'''''
 +
*'''''Leading to cell and tissue damage'''''
 +
*'''''It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)'''''
 +
||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Gell and Coombs'''''
 +
||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Complete the following sentences'''
 +
||<big>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are <font color="white">'''''antibody'''''</font> mediated reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a <font color="white">'''''cell'''''</font> mediated reaction. 
 +
||[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Classification|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
==<font color="purple">Type I Hypersensitivity</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Anaphylactic-mediated'''''
 +
*'''''IgE-mediated'''''
 +
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Allergens'''''
 +
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Plant pollens'''''
 +
*'''''Foods'''''
 +
*'''''Drugs'''''
 +
*'''''Proteins'''''
 +
*'''''Insect products'''''
 +
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Vasodilation'''''
 +
*'''''Oedema'''''
 +
*'''''Mucous production'''''
 +
*'''''Chemoattractants cause the influx of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and plasma'''''
 +
*'''''Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres'''''
 +
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Sweet-itch'''''
 +
*'''''Atopy'''''
 +
*'''''Flea allergic dermatitis
 +
||[[Type I Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
==<font color="purple">Type II Hypersensitivity</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''IgG'''''
 +
*'''''IgM'''''
 +
*'''''Fixed antigens'''''
 +
||[[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Neutralisation blockage of receptors'''''
 +
||[[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Mechanism|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)'''''
 +
**'''''Pemphigus vulgaris'''''
 +
**'''''Bullous pemphigoid'''''
 +
*'''''Complement mediated lysis'''''
 +
**'''''Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia'''''
 +
**'''''Blood transfusion reaction'''''
 +
**'''''Haemolytic disease of new born'''''
 +
**'''''Feline infectious anaemia'''''
 +
*'''''Phagocytosis'''''
 +
||[[Type II Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
  
−
[[Category:Hypersensitivity|Z]]
+
==<font color="purple">Type III Hypersensitivity</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''IgG'''''
 +
*'''''Soluble antigens'''''
 +
||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Hypersensitivity pneumonitis'''''
 +
||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Glomerulonephritis'''''
 +
*'''''Arthritis'''''
 +
*'''''Vasculitis'''''
 +
*'''''Acute inflammation'''''
 +
||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Vasculitis'''''
 +
*'''''Erythema'''''
 +
*'''''Oedema'''''
 +
*'''''Neutropaenia'''''
 +
*'''''Proteinurea'''''
 +
||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)'''''
 +
||[[Type III Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Location of the immune complexes:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Type IV Hypersensitivity</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Delayed-type hypersensitivity'''''
 +
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Abnormal macrophage activation'''''
 +
*'''''Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)'''''
 +
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Destruction of normal cells'''''
 +
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Contact'''''
 +
*'''''Granulomatous'''''
 +
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2 types:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mononuclear cells'''''
 +
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#1. Contact|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mycobacterium tubercle'''''
 +
*'''''Schistosome eggs'''''
 +
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the tuberculin test?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Used for testing TB in cattle'''''
 +
*'''''Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin'''''
 +
*'''''A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection'''''
 +
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY''']]</center></big>
 +
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 11:45, 6 September 2008

WikiBloodWikiBlood Banner.png
HYPERSENSITIVITY
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is hypersensitivity?
  • A hyperactive immune response to an antigen
  • Leading to cell and tissue damage
  • It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
 Link to Answer Article
Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
  • Gell and Coombs
 Link to Answer Article
Complete the following sentences Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are antibody mediated reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a cell mediated reaction. Link to Answer Article



Type I Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?
  • Anaphylactic-mediated
  • IgE-mediated
 Link to Answer Article
What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
  • Allergens
 Link to Answer Article
Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
  • Plant pollens
  • Foods
  • Drugs
  • Proteins
  • Insect products
 Link to Answer Article
Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?
  • Vasodilation
  • Oedema
  • Mucous production
  • Chemoattractants cause the influx of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and plasma
  • Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
 Link to Answer Article
Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
  • Sweet-itch
  • Atopy
  • Flea allergic dermatitis
Link to Answer Article



Type II Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
  • IgG
  • IgM
  • Fixed antigens
 Link to Answer Article
What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
  • Neutralisation blockage of receptors
 Link to Answer Article
Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
  • Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
    • Pemphigus vulgaris
    • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Complement mediated lysis
    • Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
    • Blood transfusion reaction
    • Haemolytic disease of new born
    • Feline infectious anaemia
  • Phagocytosis
 Link to Answer Article



Type III Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
  • IgG
  • Soluble antigens
 Link to Answer Article
What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
 Link to Answer Article
What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Arthritis
  • Vasculitis
  • Acute inflammation
 Link to Answer Article
What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
  • Vasculitis
  • Erythema
  • Oedema
  • Neutropaenia
  • Proteinurea
 Link to Answer Article
Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
  • Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
 Link to Answer Article



Type IV Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
  • Delayed-type hypersensitivity
 Link to Answer Article
What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
  • Abnormal macrophage activation
  • Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
 Link to Answer Article
What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
  • Destruction of normal cells
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
  • Contact
  • Granulomatous
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
  • Mononuclear cells
 Link to Answer Article
Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
  • Mycobacterium tubercle
  • Schistosome eggs
 Link to Answer Article
What is the tuberculin test?
  • Used for testing TB in cattle
  • Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
  • A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
 Link to Answer Article



BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY
BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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