Difference between revisions of "Hypersensitivity Flashcards"

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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
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|<big>'''What induces a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response?'''
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|<big>'''What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?'''
 
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*'''''Abnormal macrophage activation'''''
 
*'''''Abnormal macrophage activation'''''
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*'''''Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)'''''
 
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
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|<big>'''What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?'''
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|<big>'''What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?'''
 
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*'''''Delayed-type hypersensitivity'''''
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*'''''Destruction of normal cells'''''
 
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
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|<big>'''What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?'''
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|<big>'''What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?'''
 
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*'''''Delayed-type hypersensitivity'''''
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*'''''Contact'''''
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*'''''Granulomatous'''''
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2 types:|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|<big>'''What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?'''
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*'''''Mononuclear cells'''''
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#1. Contact|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|<big>'''Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response'''
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*'''''Mycobacterium tubercle'''''
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*'''''Schistosome eggs'''''
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
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|<big>'''What is the tuberculin test?'''
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*'''''Used for testing TB in cattle'''''
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*'''''Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin'''''
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*'''''A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection'''''
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||[[Type IV Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood#2. Granulomatous|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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<big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY''']]</center></big>
 
<big><center>[[Hypersensitivity - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY''']]</center></big>
 
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>
 
<big><center>[[Flash Cards - WikiBlood|'''BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS''']]</center></big>

Revision as of 11:45, 6 September 2008

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HYPERSENSITIVITY
WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS


Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is hypersensitivity?
  • A hyperactive immune response to an antigen
  • Leading to cell and tissue damage
  • It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)
 Link to Answer Article
Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?
  • Gell and Coombs
 Link to Answer Article
Complete the following sentences Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are antibody mediated reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a cell mediated reaction. Link to Answer Article



Type I Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?
  • Anaphylactic-mediated
  • IgE-mediated
 Link to Answer Article
What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?
  • Allergens
 Link to Answer Article
Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction
  • Plant pollens
  • Foods
  • Drugs
  • Proteins
  • Insect products
 Link to Answer Article
Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?
  • Vasodilation
  • Oedema
  • Mucous production
  • Chemoattractants cause the influx of neutrophils, basophils, monocytes and plasma
  • Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres
 Link to Answer Article
Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions
  • Sweet-itch
  • Atopy
  • Flea allergic dermatitis
Link to Answer Article



Type II Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
  • IgG
  • IgM
  • Fixed antigens
 Link to Answer Article
What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
  • Neutralisation blockage of receptors
 Link to Answer Article
Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?
  • Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC)
    • Pemphigus vulgaris
    • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Complement mediated lysis
    • Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
    • Blood transfusion reaction
    • Haemolytic disease of new born
    • Feline infectious anaemia
  • Phagocytosis
 Link to Answer Article



Type III Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?
  • IgG
  • Soluble antigens
 Link to Answer Article
What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
 Link to Answer Article
What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Arthritis
  • Vasculitis
  • Acute inflammation
 Link to Answer Article
What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?
  • Vasculitis
  • Erythema
  • Oedema
  • Neutropaenia
  • Proteinurea
 Link to Answer Article
Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen
  • Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
 Link to Answer Article



Type IV Hypersensitivity

Question Answer Article
What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?
  • Delayed-type hypersensitivity
 Link to Answer Article
What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?
  • Abnormal macrophage activation
  • Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)
 Link to Answer Article
What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?
  • Destruction of normal cells
 Link to Answer Article
What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?
  • Contact
  • Granulomatous
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?
  • Mononuclear cells
 Link to Answer Article
Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response
  • Mycobacterium tubercle
  • Schistosome eggs
 Link to Answer Article
What is the tuberculin test?
  • Used for testing TB in cattle
  • Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin
  • A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection
 Link to Answer Article



BACK TO HYPERSENSITIVITY
BACK TO WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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