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| − | == Introduction == | + | {{toplink |
| | + | |backcolour =EED2EE |
| | + | |linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology |
| | + | |linktext =Reproductive System |
| | + | |maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology |
| | + | |pagetype =Anatomy |
| | + | |sublink1=Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Female Reproductive Tract |
| | + | |subtext1=FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT |
| | + | |sublink2=Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology |
| | + | |subtext2=VAGINA |
| | + | }} |
| | + | <br> |
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| − | Vaginal smears can be used to determine the stage of the oestrous cycle. Smears are generally stained with Leishman's or a Trichrome stain such as Shorr's.
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| − | == Vaginal Smears == | + | == Vaginal Smear == |
| − | | |
| − | * At the onset of pro-oestrus, large numbers of erythrocytes are present.
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| − | * When true oestrus occurs, the number of erythrocytes is reduced, and the smear consists of superficial cells from the stratified squamous epithelium. Such cells include:
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| − | ** Anuclear cells
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| − | ** Cells with pyknotic nuclei
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| − | ** Large intermediate cells
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| − | * Towards the end of oestrus, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes appear. These become the dominant cell type during metoestrus.
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| − | * In anoestrus,different cell types are present,these are:
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| − | ** Nucleated basal of the stratified squamous epithelium
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| − | ** Intermediate cells of the stratified squamous epithelium
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| − | ** Few [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
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| − | | |
| − | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
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| − | | |
| − | !'''Cell Type'''
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| − | !'''Para Basal'''
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| − | !'''Small Intermediate'''
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| − | !'''Large Intermediate'''
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| − | !'''Anuclear Keratinised'''
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| − | !'''Red Blood'''
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| − | !'''Neutrophils'''
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''Early Pro-Oestrus'''
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| − | | +++
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| − | | +++
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| − | | +-
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| − | | -
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| − | | +
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| − | | +
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''Late Pro-Oestrus'''
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| − | | +
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| − | | ++
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| − | | ++
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| − | | ++
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| − | | +++
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| − | | -
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''Early Oestrus'''
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| − | | -
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| − | | -
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| − | | +++
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| − | | ++++
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| − | | ++
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| − | | -
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''Late Oestrus'''
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| − | | -
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| − | | -
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| − | | +++
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| − | | +++
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| − | | -
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| − | | +
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''Ealy Metoestrus'''
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| − | | -
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| − | | +
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| − | | -
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| − | | +-
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| − | | -
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| − | | +++
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''Anoestrus'''
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| − | | ++
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| − | | +
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| − | | -
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| − | | -
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| − | | +-
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| − | | +
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| − | |-
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| − | | '''Vaginitis/Pyometra'''
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| − | | +-
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| − | | +-
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| − | | +-
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| − | | -
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| − | | +-
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| − | | ++++
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| − | |
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| − | |}
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| | | | |
| | == Vaginal Epithelium == | | == Vaginal Epithelium == |
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| − | * Anoestrous: low columnar-cuboidal, comprises of 2-3 layers.
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| − | * Pro-oestrus: high stratified squamous persists until late stages of oestrus.
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| − | * Stratum corneum and the layers immediately beneath it are lost by desquamation during pro-oestrus and oestrus. This leaves low squamous epithelium, which becomes converted to columnar epithelium 1-3 weeks after the end of oestrus.
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| − | * Metoestrus and pregnancy: high columnar, higher than during anoestrus.
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| − | * During pro-oestrus, oestrus and early metoestrus, the epithelium and lamina propria are infiltrated with large numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], which eventually escape into the vaginal lumen.
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| − |
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | [[Category:Female Reproduction]]
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| − | [[Category:Bullet Points]]
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