Difference between revisions of "Vaginal Smear for Oestrus Detection in the Bitch"

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== Introduction ==
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{{toplink
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|backcolour =EED2EE
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|linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology
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|linktext =Reproductive System
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|maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
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|pagetype =Anatomy
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|sublink1=Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Female Reproductive Tract
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|subtext1=FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
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|sublink2=Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology
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|subtext2=VAGINA
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}}
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<br>
  
Vaginal smears can be used to determine the stage of the oestrous cycle. Smears are generally stained with Leishman's or a Trichrome stain such as Shorr's.
 
  
== Vaginal Smears ==
+
== Vaginal Smear ==
 
 
* At the onset of pro-oestrus, large numbers of erythrocytes are present.
 
* When true oestrus occurs, the number of erythrocytes is reduced, and the smear consists of superficial cells from the stratified squamous epithelium. Such cells include:
 
** Anuclear cells
 
** Cells with pyknotic nuclei
 
** Large intermediate cells
 
* Towards the end of oestrus, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes appear.  These become the dominant cell type during metoestrus.
 
* In anoestrus,different cell types are present,these are:
 
** Nucleated basal of the stratified squamous epithelium
 
** Intermediate cells of the stratified squamous epithelium
 
** Few [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
 
 
 
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
 
 
 
!'''Cell Type'''
 
!'''Para Basal'''
 
!'''Small Intermediate'''
 
!'''Large Intermediate'''
 
!'''Anuclear Keratinised'''
 
!'''Red Blood'''
 
!'''Neutrophils'''
 
|-
 
| '''Early Pro-Oestrus'''
 
| +++
 
| +++
 
| +-
 
| -
 
| +
 
| +
 
|-
 
| '''Late Pro-Oestrus'''
 
| +
 
| ++
 
| ++
 
| ++
 
| +++
 
| -
 
|-
 
| '''Early Oestrus'''
 
| -
 
| -
 
| +++
 
| ++++
 
| ++
 
| -
 
|-
 
| '''Late Oestrus'''
 
| -
 
| -
 
| +++
 
| +++
 
| -
 
| +
 
|-
 
| '''Ealy Metoestrus'''
 
| -
 
| +
 
| -
 
| +-
 
| -
 
| +++
 
|-
 
| '''Anoestrus'''
 
| ++
 
| +
 
| -
 
| -
 
| +-
 
| +
 
|-
 
| '''Vaginitis/Pyometra'''
 
| +-
 
| +-
 
| +-
 
| -
 
| +-
 
| ++++
 
|
 
|}
 
  
 
== Vaginal Epithelium ==
 
== Vaginal Epithelium ==
 
* Anoestrous: low columnar-cuboidal, comprises of 2-3 layers.
 
* Pro-oestrus: high stratified squamous persists until late stages of oestrus.
 
* Stratum corneum and the layers immediately beneath it are lost by desquamation during pro-oestrus and oestrus.  This leaves low squamous epithelium, which becomes converted to columnar epithelium 1-3 weeks after the end of oestrus.
 
* Metoestrus and pregnancy: high columnar, higher than during anoestrus.
 
* During pro-oestrus, oestrus and early metoestrus, the epithelium and lamina propria are infiltrated with large numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], which eventually escape into the vaginal lumen.
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Female Reproduction]]
 
[[Category:Bullet Points]]
 

Revision as of 08:55, 9 September 2008

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()Map REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (Map)
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
VAGINA




Vaginal Smear

Vaginal Epithelium