Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"

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===Host invasion===
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{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="1">
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|backcolour = f5fffa
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|q1=By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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|a1=
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|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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*Contact
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|pagetype =Blood
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*Aerosol
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}}
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*Orofecal
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<br>
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|l1=Host invasion by microorganisms
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==<font color="purple">Host invasion</font>==
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</FlashCard>
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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===Viruses===
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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<FlashCard questions="8">
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|q1=Naked viruses contain only...?
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat
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|-
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|l1=Viral Structure
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|<big>'''By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?'''
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|q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a2=
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*'''''Contact'''''
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*Protection of the genome
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*'''''Aerosol'''''
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*Attachment to host cell
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*'''''Orofecal'''''
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*Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
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||[[Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l2=Viral Structure
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|}
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|q3=Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection
 
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|a3=
 
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*Interferon
 
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*Natural killer cells
 
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|l3=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
 
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|a4=[[IgA]]
 
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|l4=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
 
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|a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
 
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|l5=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
 
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|a6=Virolysis
 
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|l6=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
 
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|a7=
 
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*Blocking the virus receptor
 
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*Lysis of infected cells
 
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*Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
 
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|l7=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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|q8=What are the main cytokines CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells release to recruit macrophages?
 
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|a8=
 
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*IFN-γ
 
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*TNF
 
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|l8=Immune Responses to Viral Infections
 
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</FlashCard>
 
  
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===Bacteria===
 
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<FlashCard questions="8">
 
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|q1=Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA
 
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|a1=
 
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*Few repeated sequences
 
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*Most of the DNA is transcibed
 
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*No intervening sequences within structural genes
 
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|l1=Bacterial Structure
 
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|q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around
 
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|a2=Flagella
 
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|l2=Bacteria Structure
 
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|q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as...
 
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|a2=Gram-negative
 
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|l2=Bacterial Structure
 
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|q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as...
 
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|a3=Cocci
 
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|l3=Bacterial Structure
 
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|q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as...
 
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|a4=Rods or bacilli
 
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|l4=Bacterial Structure
 
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|q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection?
 
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|a5=Koch's postulates
 
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|l5=Bacterial Pathogenesis
 
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|q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS?
 
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|a6=Endotoxin shock
 
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|l6=Bacterial Pathogenesis
 
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|q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate?
 
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|a7=Binary fission
 
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|l7=Bacterial Replication
 
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|q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA?
 
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|a8=
 
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*Transformation
 
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*Transduction
 
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*Conjugation
 
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|l8=Bacterial Replication
 
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</FlashCard>
 
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===Parasites===
 
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<FlashCard questions="6">
 
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|q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure
 
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|a1=Eukaryotic
 
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|l1=:Category:Protozoa
 
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|q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite?
 
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|a2=
 
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*Nematodes
 
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*Platyhelminthes
 
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|l2=:Category:Helminths
 
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|q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites?
 
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|a3=Eosinophils
 
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|l3=Immunity to Parasites
 
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|q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa
 
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|a4=T<sub>H</sub>1
 
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|l4=Immunity to Parasites
 
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|q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms?
 
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|a5=T<sub>H</sub>2
 
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|l5=Immunity to Parasites
 
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|q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection?
 
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|a6=
 
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*Directly damaging protozoa
 
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*Activating complement
 
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*Blocking attachment to host cells
 
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*Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis
 
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*Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
 
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|l6=Immunity to Parasites
 
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</FlashCard>
 
  
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<br><br>
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==<font color="purple">Viruses</font>==
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Naked viruses contain only...?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''RNA/DNA and protein coat'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name three functions of viral structural proteins'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Protection of the genome'''''
 +
*'''''Attachment to host cell'''''
 +
*'''''Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Name the two main innate defences against viral infection'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Interferon'''''
 +
*'''''Natural killer cells
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''IgA'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Virolysis'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Blocking the virus receptor'''''
 +
*'''''Lysis of infected cells'''''
 +
*'''''Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''IFN-γ'''''
 +
*'''''TNF'''''
 +
||[[Viruses - WikiBlood|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}

Revision as of 13:26, 10 September 2008

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WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS



Host invasion

Question Answer Article
By what three routes can pathogens enter the body?
  • Contact
  • Aerosol
  • Orofecal
 Link to Answer Article


Viruses

Question Answer Article
Naked viruses contain only...?
  • RNA/DNA and protein coat
 Link to Answer Article
Name three functions of viral structural proteins
  • Protection of the genome
  • Attachment to host cell
  • Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane
 Link to Answer Article
Name the two main innate defences against viral infection
  • Interferon
  • Natural killer cells
 Link to Answer Article
Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces?
  • IgA
 Link to Answer Article
What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing?
  • Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
 Link to Answer Article
By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope?
  • Virolysis
 Link to Answer Article
When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence?
  • Blocking the virus receptor
  • Lysis of infected cells
  • Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages?
  • IFN-γ
  • TNF
 Link to Answer Article
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