Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Renal Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology

()Map RENAL FLASH CARDS - THE NEPHRON (Map)

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Question	Answer	Link
What the effects of varying sodium concentration within the body?	Too low Water and ECF volumes fall Sodium dependant transporters are disturbed Too High Water and ECF volume increases Sodium dependant transporters are disturbed	Link
Why is sodium not regulated on the basis of plasma concentration?	Water follows sodium. Therefore volume notconcentration alter The hormonal controllers affect sodium concentration and ECF concentration ADH and the thirst response dilute any increase in sodium by increasing ECF volume	Link
What is "salt hunger"?	It's where an animal with low body salt concentrations actually craves salt	Link
What are the three major sources of potassium?	Diffusion from the small intestine Active transport from the colon Recovered from cellular breakdown	Link
By which three methods is potassium homeostasis managed? Which of these make up the chronic and which the acute response	Cellular translocation - Acute Renal excretion - 90% of chronic GI excretion - 10% of chronic	Link
Which two things control the acute response and how do they do it?	Insulin Activation of beta2 adrenoreceptors Work by increasing the activity of Na+ / K+ ATPases causing sodium efflux and potassium influx	Link
Which hormone is the main regulator of potassium??	Aldosterone	Link
In which two regions of the nephron is H+ secreted?	Proximal tubule Collecting duct	Link
What role do buffers play with regard to excreting hydrogen ions?	Once all bicarbonate has been reabsorbed they combine with residual excess hydrogen allowing it to be excreted without the loss of bicarbonate and without making the urine very acidic.	Link
In ruminants fed low nitrogen diets more urea is reabsorbed. Why?	It is transported to the rumen and converted to microbial protein	Link