Difference between revisions of "Coccidia"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Redirected page to Category:Coccidia)
m
(52 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
#REDIRECT[[:Category:Coccidia]]
+
{{unfinished}}
 +
 
 +
{{toplink
 +
|backcolour =
 +
|linkpage =Parasites
 +
|linktext =PARASITES
 +
|pagetype=Bugs
 +
|sublink1=Protozoa
 +
|subtext1=PROTOZOA
 +
}}
 +
<br>
 +
==''Eimeria'' spp.==
 +
 
 +
==''Isospora'' spp.==
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Poultry==
 +
 
 +
==Other Avian Coccidia==
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Sheep==
 +
*11 different Coccidia species although only two are of clinical significance
 +
**Giant schizonts visible as white spots
 +
 
 +
*''Eimeria ovinoidalis''
 +
**Highly pathogenic
 +
**[[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|Diarrhoea]]
 +
**Parasitises the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
 +
 
 +
*''Eimeria crandalis''
 +
**Varying pathogenicity
 +
**Scours, grey, foul-smelling faeces
 +
**Parasitises the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]], [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] and [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
 +
 
 +
*Different species of ''Eimeria'' occurs in sheep and goats
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Goats==
 +
*Many ''Eimeria'' species
 +
 
 +
*2 ''Eimeria'' are pathogenic
 +
**Cause [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] and a decreased growth rate
 +
 
 +
*Different species of ''Eimeria'' occurs in sheep and goats
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Horses==
 +
*Only one atypical ''Eiemria''
 +
 
 +
*Forms large subepithelial gametocytes in villi
 +
 
 +
*Large, dark coloured oocysts
 +
**Approximately 12μm
 +
 
 +
*Occasionally causes [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]]
 +
 
 +
*''Besnoitia bennetti'' in [[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Besnoitia bennetti|larynx]] of horses
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Pigs==
 +
*Many species of ''Eimeria'' and ''Isospora''
 +
 
 +
*Only ''Isospora suis'' is of clinical pathogenic importance
 +
 
 +
*Causes sporadic, serious and sometimes fatal disease in unweaned piglets
 +
**Causes profuse [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]]
 +
 
 +
*Very short 1 week prepatent period
 +
 
 +
*[[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|Diarrhoea]] starts before oocysts are shed in faeces
 +
**Ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult
 +
 
 +
*Death usually occurs after parasites have left the host
 +
**Post-mortem diagnosis difficult
 +
**''Isospora'' infections are '''self-limiting'''
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Dogs==
 +
*2 common and 2 less common ''Isospora'' species
 +
 
 +
*Occasionally can cause disease
 +
 
 +
*Little pathogenicity
 +
 
 +
*Even if faecal oocyst count is high, other causes of [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] should be looked for
 +
 
 +
*''Hepatozoon americanum'' and subclinical ''H. canis'' in [[Bones Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Hepatozoon|periosteal bone formation]]
 +
**Both are Tick borne diseases
 +
***''H. canis'' – ''Rhipicephalus sanguineus''
 +
***Ticks become infected by ingesting a blood meal containing macrophages and neutrophils infected with the parasite gamonts -> sexual replication in the gut of the tick -> oocysts containing infective sporozoites -> dogs ingest the tick  schizogony occurs in numerous tissues
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Cats==
 +
[[Image:Coccidia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Coccidia in Cat Faeces - Joel Mills]]
 +
*2 common ''Isospora'' species with little clinical significance
 +
 
 +
*Oocysts in faeces have to be distinguised from those of ''Toxoplasma'' (smaller) and ''Sarcocytis'' (sporulated or naked sporocyts in faeces)
 +
 
 +
==Coccidia of Rabbits==
 +
*3 pathogenic ''Eimeria'' species
 +
**2 in the caecum
 +
**1 in the bile duct
 +
 
 +
*''Eimeria steidae''
 +
**Parasitises the bile duct epithelium
 +
**Travels via the bile duct to the liver where it forms large white nodules
 +
**Oocysts travel in the bile and are passed out in the faeces
 +
**Causes ascites, [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]], weight loss and polyuria
 +
 
 +
*Serious disease of both pet and farmed rabbits
 +
 
 +
*Treatment is by administration of drugs in drinking water
 +
**E.g. Toltrazuril
 +
 
 +
*Hygiene is the best method of prevention to prevent sporocysts from sporulating
 +
 
 +
*Medicated feed can be used in commercial units
 +
**E.g. Rabenidine

Revision as of 21:00, 15 November 2008



Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
PARASITES
PROTOZOA



Eimeria spp.

Isospora spp.

Coccidia of Poultry

Other Avian Coccidia

Coccidia of Sheep

  • 11 different Coccidia species although only two are of clinical significance
    • Giant schizonts visible as white spots
  • Different species of Eimeria occurs in sheep and goats

Coccidia of Goats

  • Many Eimeria species
  • 2 Eimeria are pathogenic
  • Different species of Eimeria occurs in sheep and goats

Coccidia of Horses

  • Only one atypical Eiemria
  • Forms large subepithelial gametocytes in villi
  • Large, dark coloured oocysts
    • Approximately 12μm
  • Besnoitia bennetti in larynx of horses

Coccidia of Pigs

  • Many species of Eimeria and Isospora
  • Only Isospora suis is of clinical pathogenic importance
  • Causes sporadic, serious and sometimes fatal disease in unweaned piglets
  • Very short 1 week prepatent period
  • Diarrhoea starts before oocysts are shed in faeces
    • Ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult
  • Death usually occurs after parasites have left the host
    • Post-mortem diagnosis difficult
    • Isospora infections are self-limiting

Coccidia of Dogs

  • 2 common and 2 less common Isospora species
  • Occasionally can cause disease
  • Little pathogenicity
  • Even if faecal oocyst count is high, other causes of diarrhoea should be looked for
  • Hepatozoon americanum and subclinical H. canis in periosteal bone formation
    • Both are Tick borne diseases
      • H. canisRhipicephalus sanguineus
      • Ticks become infected by ingesting a blood meal containing macrophages and neutrophils infected with the parasite gamonts -> sexual replication in the gut of the tick -> oocysts containing infective sporozoites -> dogs ingest the tick  schizogony occurs in numerous tissues


Coccidia of Cats

Coccidia in Cat Faeces - Joel Mills
  • 2 common Isospora species with little clinical significance
  • Oocysts in faeces have to be distinguised from those of Toxoplasma (smaller) and Sarcocytis (sporulated or naked sporocyts in faeces)

Coccidia of Rabbits

  • 3 pathogenic Eimeria species
    • 2 in the caecum
    • 1 in the bile duct
  • Eimeria steidae
    • Parasitises the bile duct epithelium
    • Travels via the bile duct to the liver where it forms large white nodules
    • Oocysts travel in the bile and are passed out in the faeces
    • Causes ascites, diarrhoea, weight loss and polyuria
  • Serious disease of both pet and farmed rabbits
  • Treatment is by administration of drugs in drinking water
    • E.g. Toltrazuril
  • Hygiene is the best method of prevention to prevent sporocysts from sporulating
  • Medicated feed can be used in commercial units
    • E.g. Rabenidine