Difference between revisions of "Helminth Flashcards"

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<big>
+
{{toplink
−
'''[[Cestodes Flascards]]
+
|backcolour = f5fffa
 +
|linkpage =Helminths
 +
|linktext =HELMINTHS
 +
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
 +
|subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
 +
|pagetype =Bugs
 +
}}
 +
==<font color="purple">Cestodes</font>==
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Fill in the missing words about cestodes'''
 +
||<big>A cestode (tapeworm) is a chain (<font color="white">'''''strobila'''''</font>) of progressively maturing reproductive units called <font color="white">'''''proglottids'''''</font> anchored at one end to the intestinal wall by a hold-fast organ called the <font color="white">'''''scolex'''''</font>.
 +
||[[Insecta#Structure and Function|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are halteres?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Reduced pair of wings'''''
 +
*'''''Used for balance'''''
 +
*'''''Possessed by diperan flies'''''
 +
||[[Insecta#Wing|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are spiracles?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Chitinous openings'''''
 +
*'''''On the side of the body'''''
 +
*'''''Under muscular control so can open and close at will'''''
 +
*'''''Mounted on stimatic plates'''''
 +
*'''''Leads to trachea'''''
 +
*'''''Can be used for species identification'''''
 +
||[[Insecta#Respiratory System|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the name of the general insect body system?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Haemocoele'''''
 +
||[[Insecta#Circulatory System|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are oviparous insects?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Lay eggs outside of the body which hatch after deposition'''''
 +
||[[Insecta#Life Cycles|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are viviparous insects?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Lay larvae or nymphs'''''
 +
*'''''Eggs rupture in female reproductive system'''''
 +
||[[Insecta#Life Cycles|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Summarise simple metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Nymph emerges from egg'''''
 +
*'''''Nymph grows and moults'''''
 +
*'''''Nymph becomes an adult'''''
 +
*'''''Lice'''''
 +
||[[Insecta#Simple Metamorphosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Summarise complex metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Larva emerges from egg'''''
 +
*'''''Larva grows and moults'''''
 +
*'''''Larva pupates'''''
 +
*'''''Adult emerges from pupa'''''
 +
*'''''Flies'''''
 +
||[[Insecta#Complex Metamorphosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
'''[[Trematodes Flashcards]]
+
==<font color="purple">Fleas</font>==
  
−
'''[[Nematode Flashcards]]
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the most common species of flea which infects cats and dogs?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ctenocephalides felis'''''
 +
*'''''Cat flea'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Ctenocephalides felis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which flea only has pronotal combs?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ceratophyllus gallinae'''''
 +
*'''''Poultry flea'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Ceratophyllus gallinae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the key features of ''Pulex irritans''?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''No combs'''''
 +
*'''''Head rounded anteriorly'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Pulex irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How is the life cycle of ''Spilopsyllus cuniculi'' scynchronised with their main hosts the rabbit?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Shortly before the doe gives birth the adult fleas attach to the ears of the rabbit and feed producing a lot of faeces'''''
 +
*'''''After parturition the adult fleas move onto the kittens where they feed, mate and lay eggs'''''
 +
*'''''The new adult fleas emerge from the pupa before the kittens leave the nest'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Spilopsyllus cuniculi|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How long do adult fleas live?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''7-10 days'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What do flea eggs look like?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Ivory-white'''''
 +
*'''''Oval shaped'''''
 +
*'''''0.5mm long'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which life cycle stage is negatively phototropic and what does this mean?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Larvae'''''
 +
*'''''Crawl away from light sources'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the name of the flea juvenile hormone?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Methoprene'''''
 +
||[[Fleas#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
'''[[Cattle Nematode Flashcards]]
+
==<font color="purple">Lice</font>==
  
−
'''[[Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards]]
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the characteristics of chewing lice?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Broad head'''''
 +
*'''''Rasping mouthparts'''''
 +
*'''''Thorax narrower than head'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Mallophaga|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Chewing lice are found on both mammals and birds?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
*'''''Occurs on both mammals and birds'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Mallophaga|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the characteristics of sucking lice?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Narrow head'''''
 +
*'''''Piercing mouthparts'''''
 +
*'''''Thorax wider than head'''''
 +
*'''''Powerful legs'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Anoplura|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Sucking lice are found on both mammals and birds?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''Occurs on mammals only'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Anoplura|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How long does the louse life cycle take?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''2-3 weeks'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Life Cycle|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the name of the generalised condition lice cause?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Pediculosis'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Pediculosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which species is affected by only sucking lice?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Pigs'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Pigs|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Are birds affected by sucking or chewing lice?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Chewing'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Poultry|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Mallophaga are more susceptible to systemic insecticides than Alloplura?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''Anopleura lice are more susceptible to systemic insecticide treatment'''''
 +
||[[Lice#Control|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
'''[[Horse Nematode Flashcards]]</big>
+
==<font color="purple">Nuisance Flies</font>==
  
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the two ''Muscidae'' species of veterinary importance?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Hydrotaea irritans'''''
 +
**'''''Head fly'''''
 +
*'''''Musca spp.'''''
 +
**'''''Face and house flies'''''
 +
||[[Nuisance Flies#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the main difference between biting and nuisance flies?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Nuisance flies have sponge-like labellum mouthparts'''''
 +
*'''''Biting flies have pointed mouthparts for sucking blood'''''
 +
||[[Nuisance Flies#Musca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do ''Musca'' spp. cause production losses?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Fly worry'''''
 +
*'''''Reduced weight gain'''''
 +
*'''''Reduced milk yield'''''
 +
||[[Nuisance Flies#Musca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Give some examples of disease ''Musca' spp. transmit'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Viruses'''''
 +
**'''''E.g. Enteroviridae'''''
 +
*'''''Bacteria'''''
 +
**'''''E.g. Anthrax'''''
 +
*'''''Helminths'''''
 +
**'''''E.g. Habronema'''''
 +
||[[Nuisance Flies#Musca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: ''H. irritans'' larvae undergo diapause?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
*'''''Larvae undergo diapause and pupate in spring'''''
 +
||[[Nuisance Flies#Hydrotaea irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What problems can ''H. irritans'' cause in livestock?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Summer mastitis in cattle'''''
 +
*'''''Broken Head in sheep'''''
 +
*'''''Can increase the incidence of secondary blowfly stirke'''''
 +
||[[Nuisance Flies#Hydrotaea irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
  
−
[[Category:Parasite Flashcards]][[Category:Helminths]]
+
==<font color="purple">Biting Flies</font>==
 +
 
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Is ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' a visiting or resident biting fly?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Visiting'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the main recognisable features of ''Stomoxys calcitrans''?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Forward pointing proboscis'''''
 +
*'''''Grey colouring'''''
 +
*'''''Grey stripes on thorax and black spots on abdomen'''''
 +
*'''''Clear wings'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How do ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' cause production losses?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Decrease milk production'''''
 +
*'''''Decrease weight gain'''''
 +
*'''''Cause fly worry'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which retrovirus is ''Stomoxys calcitrans'' a vector for?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Equine infectious anaemia'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is ''Haematoba irritans'' more commonly known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''The horn fly'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Haematoba irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Why is ''Haematoba irritans'' easier to control than visiting biting flies?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Is a resident fly'''''
 +
*'''''Spends more time in contact with the host'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Haematoba irritans|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three most important species of ''Tabanidae''?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Tabanus'''''
 +
*'''''Chrysops'''''
 +
*'''''Haematopota'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Tabanidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How could you identify ''Tabanidae'' species solely on looking at their wing venation?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Closed discal cell wing venation'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Tabanidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Why do ''Simuliidae'' species have a hump-backed appearance?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Arched thorax produced a hump-backed appearance'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Simuliidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Why is the life cycle of ''Simuliidae'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Eggs laid on plants or stones under flowing water'''''
 +
*'''''Larvae attach to submerged rocks and pupate'''''
 +
*'''''Conical shaped cocoon'''''
 +
*'''''Adults emerge en masse'''''
 +
*'''''Life cycle takes one month to complete'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Simuliidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are ''Glossinidae'' species more commonly known as and which trypanosomal disease do they transmit to humans?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Tsetse flies'''''
 +
*'''''Sleeping sickness'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Glossinidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Why are ''Ceratopogonidae'' species a problem to livestock'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Causes sweet-itch in horses'''''
 +
*'''''Are vectors for blue tongue'''''
 +
*'''''Vectors for parasites such as Onchocerca in cattle'''''
 +
*'''''Cause skin infections in livestock'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Ceratopogonidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are ''Culicidae'' species better known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mosquitos'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Culicidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Both male and female ''Culicidae'' suck blood?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''Only female mosquitos suck blood'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Culicidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are ''Psychodidae'' the main vectors for?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Leishmaniasis'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Psychodidae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are ''Hippobosca'' more commonly known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Forest flies'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Hippobosca spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are ''Melophagus'' more commonly known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Sheep ked'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Melophagus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the main recognisable features of ''Melophagus'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Hairy'''''
 +
*'''''Reddish-brown colouring'''''
 +
*'''''Forward pointing proboscis'''''
 +
*'''''Narrown head'''''
 +
*'''''Dorso-ventrally flattened'''''
 +
*'''''Wingless'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Melophagus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Are ''Melophagus'' species resident or visiting flies?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Resident'''''
 +
*'''''Spend the entire life cycle on the host'''''
 +
||[[Biting Flies#Melophagus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==<font color="purple">Myiasis Producing Flies</font>==
 +
 
 +
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is myiasis?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''The parasitism of living animals by dipteran larvae'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Are ''Oestridae'' species obligatory or facultative parasites?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Obligatory'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are ''Hypoderma'' species more commonly known as and what do they look like?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Warble flies'''''
 +
*'''''Look like bumble bees'''''
 +
**'''''Yellow abdomen'''''
 +
**'''''Band of black hairs'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where in the body are the winter resting sites of ''Hypoderma'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Epidural fat in the spinal canal for H. bovis'''''
 +
*'''''Wall of the oesophagus for H. lineatum '''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How many generations of warble flies are there per year?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''One'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Why are warble flies a problem?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Cause production losses'''''
 +
*'''''Cause myositis'''''
 +
*'''''Causes paraplegia'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Hypoderma spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are ''Oestrus ovis'' species also known as?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Sheep nasal bot flies'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How are the ''Oestrus ovis'' larvae distinguished?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Distinct black bands on each body segment'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''If ''Oestrus ovis'' larvae are deposited in late summer, where in the sheep can they overwinter?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''In the nasal cavity'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: ''Oestrus ovis'' larvae cause true gid in sheep?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''False'''''
 +
*'''''Larvae cause false gid'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Oestrus ovis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the three main species of ''Gasterophilus'' in the UK, also known as the horse bot fly?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''G. intestinalis'''''
 +
*'''''G. nasalis'''''
 +
*'''''G. haemorrhoidalis'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Gasterophilus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where does ''Gasterophilus'' species lay their eggs on the horse?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''G. intestinalis lays its eggs in the hair around the shoulders and fore legs'''''
 +
*'''''G. nasalis lays its eggs in the intermandibular area'''''
 +
*'''''G. haemorrhoidalis lays its eggs around the lips'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Gasterophilus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the ''Gasterophilus'' larvae called once they have attached to the gastric mucosa?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Bots'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Gasterophilus spp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where do ''Dermatobia hominis'' lay their eggs?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''On blood sucking flies'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Dermatobia hominis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How long is the life cycle of ''Dermatobia hominis''?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''4 months'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Dermatobia hominis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Are ''Calliphoridae'' species obligatory or facultative parsites?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Facultative'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the name of the condition caused by ''Calliphoridae''?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Blowfly strike'''''
 +
*'''''If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be blown'''''
 +
*'''''The damage the larvae causes to the animal is known as strike'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where are blowfly eggs laid on an animal?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''On soiled fleece'''''
 +
*'''''On carrion'''''
 +
*'''''In wounds'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How many generations of blowflies develop per year?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Up to 4 per year in temperate climates'''''
 +
*'''''Up to 10 per year in warmer climates'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What factors influence the prevalence of blowfly strike?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Temperature'''''
 +
*'''''Rainfall'''''
 +
*'''''Host suceptibility'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Calliphoridae|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''What are the recognisable features of ''Wohlfahrtia'' species?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Pale grey colouring'''''
 +
*'''''Black striped on thorax and black spots on abdomen'''''
 +
||[[Myiasis Producing Flies#Wohlfahrtia sp.|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}

Revision as of 19:38, 16 May 2009

Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
HELMINTHS
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS


Cestodes

Question Answer Article
Fill in the missing words about cestodes A cestode (tapeworm) is a chain (strobila) of progressively maturing reproductive units called proglottids anchored at one end to the intestinal wall by a hold-fast organ called the scolex. Link to Answer Article
What are halteres?
  • Reduced pair of wings
  • Used for balance
  • Possessed by diperan flies
 Link to Answer Article
What are spiracles?
  • Chitinous openings
  • On the side of the body
  • Under muscular control so can open and close at will
  • Mounted on stimatic plates
  • Leads to trachea
  • Can be used for species identification
 Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the general insect body system?
  • Haemocoele
 Link to Answer Article
What are oviparous insects?
  • Lay eggs outside of the body which hatch after deposition
 Link to Answer Article
What are viviparous insects?
  • Lay larvae or nymphs
  • Eggs rupture in female reproductive system
 Link to Answer Article
Summarise simple metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it
  • Nymph emerges from egg
  • Nymph grows and moults
  • Nymph becomes an adult
  • Lice
 Link to Answer Article
Summarise complex metamorphosis and give an example of a species of insect which uses it
  • Larva emerges from egg
  • Larva grows and moults
  • Larva pupates
  • Adult emerges from pupa
  • Flies
 Link to Answer Article

Fleas

Question Answer Article
What is the most common species of flea which infects cats and dogs?
  • Ctenocephalides felis
  • Cat flea
 Link to Answer Article
Which flea only has pronotal combs?
  • Ceratophyllus gallinae
  • Poultry flea
 Link to Answer Article
What are the key features of Pulex irritans?
  • No combs
  • Head rounded anteriorly
 Link to Answer Article
How is the life cycle of Spilopsyllus cuniculi scynchronised with their main hosts the rabbit?
  • Shortly before the doe gives birth the adult fleas attach to the ears of the rabbit and feed producing a lot of faeces
  • After parturition the adult fleas move onto the kittens where they feed, mate and lay eggs
  • The new adult fleas emerge from the pupa before the kittens leave the nest
 Link to Answer Article
How long do adult fleas live?
  • 7-10 days
 Link to Answer Article
What do flea eggs look like?
  • Ivory-white
  • Oval shaped
  • 0.5mm long
 Link to Answer Article
Which life cycle stage is negatively phototropic and what does this mean?
  • Larvae
  • Crawl away from light sources
 Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the flea juvenile hormone?
  • Methoprene
 Link to Answer Article

Lice

Question Answer Article
What are the characteristics of chewing lice?
  • Broad head
  • Rasping mouthparts
  • Thorax narrower than head
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: Chewing lice are found on both mammals and birds?
  • True
  • Occurs on both mammals and birds
 Link to Answer Article
What are the characteristics of sucking lice?
  • Narrow head
  • Piercing mouthparts
  • Thorax wider than head
  • Powerful legs
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: Sucking lice are found on both mammals and birds?
  • False
  • Occurs on mammals only
 Link to Answer Article
How long does the louse life cycle take?
  • 2-3 weeks
 Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the generalised condition lice cause?
  • Pediculosis
 Link to Answer Article
Which species is affected by only sucking lice?
  • Pigs
 Link to Answer Article
Are birds affected by sucking or chewing lice?
  • Chewing
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: Mallophaga are more susceptible to systemic insecticides than Alloplura?
  • False
  • Anopleura lice are more susceptible to systemic insecticide treatment
 Link to Answer Article

Nuisance Flies

Question Answer Article
What are the two Muscidae species of veterinary importance?
  • Hydrotaea irritans
    • Head fly
  • Musca spp.
    • Face and house flies
 Link to Answer Article
What is the main difference between biting and nuisance flies?
  • Nuisance flies have sponge-like labellum mouthparts
  • Biting flies have pointed mouthparts for sucking blood
 Link to Answer Article
How do Musca spp. cause production losses?
  • Fly worry
  • Reduced weight gain
  • Reduced milk yield
 Link to Answer Article
Give some examples of disease Musca' spp. transmit
  • Viruses
    • E.g. Enteroviridae
  • Bacteria
    • E.g. Anthrax
  • Helminths
    • E.g. Habronema
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: H. irritans larvae undergo diapause?
  • True
  • Larvae undergo diapause and pupate in spring
 Link to Answer Article
What problems can H. irritans cause in livestock?
  • Summer mastitis in cattle
  • Broken Head in sheep
  • Can increase the incidence of secondary blowfly stirke
 Link to Answer Article

Biting Flies

Question Answer Article
Is Stomoxys calcitrans a visiting or resident biting fly?
  • Visiting
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main recognisable features of Stomoxys calcitrans?
  • Forward pointing proboscis
  • Grey colouring
  • Grey stripes on thorax and black spots on abdomen
  • Clear wings
 Link to Answer Article
How do Stomoxys calcitrans cause production losses?
  • Decrease milk production
  • Decrease weight gain
  • Cause fly worry
 Link to Answer Article
Which retrovirus is Stomoxys calcitrans a vector for?
  • Equine infectious anaemia
 Link to Answer Article
What is Haematoba irritans more commonly known as?
  • The horn fly
 Link to Answer Article
Why is Haematoba irritans easier to control than visiting biting flies?
  • Is a resident fly
  • Spends more time in contact with the host
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three most important species of Tabanidae?
  • Tabanus
  • Chrysops
  • Haematopota
 Link to Answer Article
How could you identify Tabanidae species solely on looking at their wing venation?
  • Closed discal cell wing venation
 Link to Answer Article
Why do Simuliidae species have a hump-backed appearance?
  • Arched thorax produced a hump-backed appearance
 Link to Answer Article
Why is the life cycle of Simuliidae species?
  • Eggs laid on plants or stones under flowing water
  • Larvae attach to submerged rocks and pupate
  • Conical shaped cocoon
  • Adults emerge en masse
  • Life cycle takes one month to complete
 Link to Answer Article
What are Glossinidae species more commonly known as and which trypanosomal disease do they transmit to humans?
  • Tsetse flies
  • Sleeping sickness
 Link to Answer Article
Why are Ceratopogonidae species a problem to livestock
  • Causes sweet-itch in horses
  • Are vectors for blue tongue
  • Vectors for parasites such as Onchocerca in cattle
  • Cause skin infections in livestock
 Link to Answer Article
What are Culicidae species better known as?
  • Mosquitos
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: Both male and female Culicidae suck blood?
  • False
  • Only female mosquitos suck blood
 Link to Answer Article
What are Psychodidae the main vectors for?
  • Leishmaniasis
 Link to Answer Article
What are Hippobosca more commonly known as?
  • Forest flies
 Link to Answer Article
What are Melophagus more commonly known as?
  • Sheep ked
 Link to Answer Article
What are the main recognisable features of Melophagus species?
  • Hairy
  • Reddish-brown colouring
  • Forward pointing proboscis
  • Narrown head
  • Dorso-ventrally flattened
  • Wingless
 Link to Answer Article
Are Melophagus species resident or visiting flies?
  • Resident
  • Spend the entire life cycle on the host
 Link to Answer Article

Myiasis Producing Flies

Question Answer Article
What is myiasis?
  • The parasitism of living animals by dipteran larvae
 Link to Answer Article
Are Oestridae species obligatory or facultative parasites?
  • Obligatory
 Link to Answer Article
What are Hypoderma species more commonly known as and what do they look like?
  • Warble flies
  • Look like bumble bees
    • Yellow abdomen
    • Band of black hairs
 Link to Answer Article
Where in the body are the winter resting sites of Hypoderma species?
  • Epidural fat in the spinal canal for H. bovis
  • Wall of the oesophagus for H. lineatum
Link to Answer Article
How many generations of warble flies are there per year?
  • One
 Link to Answer Article
Why are warble flies a problem?
  • Cause production losses
  • Cause myositis
  • Causes paraplegia
 Link to Answer Article
What are Oestrus ovis species also known as?
  • Sheep nasal bot flies
 Link to Answer Article
How are the Oestrus ovis larvae distinguished?
  • Distinct black bands on each body segment
 Link to Answer Article
If Oestrus ovis larvae are deposited in late summer, where in the sheep can they overwinter?
  • In the nasal cavity
 Link to Answer Article
True or False: Oestrus ovis larvae cause true gid in sheep?
  • False
  • Larvae cause false gid
 Link to Answer Article
What are the three main species of Gasterophilus in the UK, also known as the horse bot fly?
  • G. intestinalis
  • G. nasalis
  • G. haemorrhoidalis
 Link to Answer Article
Where does Gasterophilus species lay their eggs on the horse?
  • G. intestinalis lays its eggs in the hair around the shoulders and fore legs
  • G. nasalis lays its eggs in the intermandibular area
  • G. haemorrhoidalis lays its eggs around the lips
 Link to Answer Article
What are the Gasterophilus larvae called once they have attached to the gastric mucosa?
  • Bots
 Link to Answer Article
Where do Dermatobia hominis lay their eggs?
  • On blood sucking flies
 Link to Answer Article
How long is the life cycle of Dermatobia hominis?
  • 4 months
 Link to Answer Article
Are Calliphoridae species obligatory or facultative parsites?
  • Facultative
 Link to Answer Article
What is the name of the condition caused by Calliphoridae?
  • Blowfly strike
  • If the fly lays eggs on an animal, the animal is said to be blown
  • The damage the larvae causes to the animal is known as strike
 Link to Answer Article
Where are blowfly eggs laid on an animal?
  • On soiled fleece
  • On carrion
  • In wounds
 Link to Answer Article
How many generations of blowflies develop per year?
  • Up to 4 per year in temperate climates
  • Up to 10 per year in warmer climates
 Link to Answer Article
What factors influence the prevalence of blowfly strike?
  • Temperature
  • Rainfall
  • Host suceptibility
 Link to Answer Article
What are the recognisable features of Wohlfahrtia species?
  • Pale grey colouring
  • Black striped on thorax and black spots on abdomen
 Link to Answer Article
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