Changes

**The antigen is taken up and presented, inducing a Th2-like cell response  

**The antigen is taken up and presented, inducing a Th2-like cell response  

**This cell response produces cytokines that suppress the Th1 inflammatory response, such as IL-10 and TGF-beta

**This cell response produces cytokines that suppress the Th1 inflammatory response, such as IL-10 and TGF-beta

***Although the cellular response is antigen-specific, the cytokines released are not. TGF-beta is known to inhibit the proliferation and function of B-cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. This means tolerance induction to one antigen suppress an immune response to a second associated antigen- this mechanism has been used to suppress some autoimmune diseases by feeding with an antigen isolated from the affected tissue. This is known as ‘’bystander suppression’’.

***Although the cellular response is antigen-specific, the cytokines released are not. TGF-beta is known to inhibit the proliferation and function of B-cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. This means tolerance induction to one antigen suppresses an immune response to a second associated antigen- this mechanism has been used to suppress some autoimmune diseases by feeding with an antigen isolated from the affected tissue. This is known as ‘’bystander suppression’’.

 

==Other mucosal surfaces==

==Other mucosal surfaces==