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| | ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
| | Can affect both dogs and cats. | | Can affect both dogs and cats. |
| | ==Description== | | ==Description== |
| − | Abnormal gastric motility has been cited as a contributing factor of conditions such as gastric dilatation-volvulus and gastric outflow obstruction that has resulted from pylorospasm. Many potential causes of gastric stasis have been proposed: | + | Abnormal gastric motility has been cited as a contributing factor of conditions such as gastric dilatation-volvulus and gastric outflow obstruction that has resulted from pylorospasm. Many potential causes of gastric stasis have been proposed. |
| − | *nervous inhibition due to pain or trauma
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| − | *electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
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| − | *uraemia
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| − | *[[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]]
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| − | *[[Hepatic Encephalopathy|hepatic encephalopathy]]
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| − | *[[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]]
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| − | *[[Gastric Ulceration - Dog|gastric ulceration]] and inflammation
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| − | *anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea
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| − | *idiopathic
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| | ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| − | Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12 hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded.
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| | ===Clinical Signs=== | | ===Clinical Signs=== |
| − | *chronic belching and vomiting
| + | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
| − | *anorexia
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| − | *weight loss
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| − | *poor body condition
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| | ===Radiography=== | | ===Radiography=== |
| − | *Contrast radiography may support a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder:
| + | ===Biopsy=== |
| − | **Half of the animal's daily caloric requirement should be fed as canned food mixed with 5% by weight of barium sulphate. Radiographs are taken every hour until the stomach is empty. This amount of food is normally emptied by the stomach in 5-8 hours. If food is still present after this time, a motility problem is suggested.
| + | ===Endoscopy=== |
| − | *Fluoroscopy studies may be used to assess gastric motility.
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| − | ===Special Diagnostic Techniques=== | |
| − | A definitive diagnosis of gastric motility disorders requires special diagnostic techniques that are not often available. These include measurement of gastric electrical and contractile activity as well as radio-isotope studies.
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| | ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| − | Underlying causes of vomiting should be addressed first.
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| − | Drugs that promote gastric peristalsis/motility may be administered once a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder has been reached. Several drugs have been proposed and may include:
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| − | *Cisapride (30 minutes before each meal)
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| − | **reduces tachygastria
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| − | **increases tone and amplitude of gastric contractions
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| − | **relaxes the pyloric canal
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| − | **increases contraction in the proximal small intestine
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| − | *[[Macrolides and Lincosamides|Erythromycin]]
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| − | **acts on smooth muscle motilin receptors to increase gastric contractility
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| − | *Metoclopramide
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| − | **increases gastric peristalsis
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| | ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
| − | Animals that respond well to medical management have a good prognosis. Those who respond poorly to medical treatment have a poor prognosis.
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
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| − | *Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Thomas, D. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (1st Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' Page 109
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| − | *Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' Page 427
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| − | [[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]]
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| − | [[Category:Gastric Diseases - Cat]][[Category:To Do - Medium]]
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