Difference between revisions of "Gastric Motility Disorders"

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==Signalment==
 
==Signalment==
 
Can affect both dogs and cats.
 
Can affect both dogs and cats.
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*electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
 
*electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
 
*uraemia
 
*uraemia
*[[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]]
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*hypothyroidism
*[[Hepatic Encephalopathy|hepatic encephalopathy]]
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*hepatic encephalopathy
*[[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]]
 
*[[Gastric Ulceration - Dog|gastric ulceration]] and inflammation
 
*anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea
 
*idiopathic
 
 
 
 
==Diagnosis==
 
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12 hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded.
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===Clinical Signs===
 
===Clinical Signs===
*chronic belching and vomiting
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===Laboratory Tests===
*anorexia
 
*weight loss
 
*poor body condition
 
 
 
 
===Radiography===
 
===Radiography===
*Contrast radiography may support a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder:
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===Biopsy===
**Half of the animal's daily caloric requirement should be fed as canned food mixed with 5% by weight of barium sulphate. Radiographs are taken every hour until the stomach is empty. This amount of food is normally emptied by the stomach in 5-8 hours. If food is still present after this time, a motility problem is suggested.
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===Endoscopy===
*Fluoroscopy studies may be used to assess gastric motility.
 
 
 
===Special Diagnostic Techniques===
 
A definitive diagnosis of gastric motility disorders requires special diagnostic techniques that are not often available. These include measurement of gastric electrical and contractile activity as well as radio-isotope studies.
 
 
 
 
==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
Underlying causes of vomiting should be addressed first.
 
Drugs that promote gastric peristalsis/motility may be administered once a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder has been reached. Several drugs have been proposed and may include:
 
*Cisapride (30 minutes before each meal)
 
**reduces tachygastria
 
**increases tone and amplitude of gastric contractions
 
**relaxes the pyloric canal
 
**increases contraction in the proximal small intestine
 
*[[Macrolides and Lincosamides|Erythromycin]]
 
**acts on smooth muscle motilin receptors to increase gastric contractility
 
*Metoclopramide
 
**increases gastric peristalsis
 
 
 
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
Animals that respond well to medical management have a good prognosis. Those who respond poorly to medical treatment have a poor prognosis.
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Thomas, D. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (1st Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' Page 109
 
 
*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' Page 427
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]]
 
[[Category:Gastric Diseases - Cat]][[Category:To Do - Medium]]
 

Revision as of 08:45, 24 August 2009



Category:WikiClinical CanineCow
Category:WikiClinical FelineCow

Signalment

Can affect both dogs and cats.

Description

Abnormal gastric motility has been cited as a contributing factor of conditions such as gastric dilatation-volvulus and gastric outflow obstruction that has resulted from pylorospasm. Many potential causes of gastric stasis have been proposed:

  • nervous inhibition due to pain or trauma
  • electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
  • uraemia
  • hypothyroidism
  • hepatic encephalopathy

Diagnosis

Clinical Signs

Laboratory Tests

Radiography

Biopsy

Endoscopy

Treatment

Prognosis

References