Innate Immunology Quiz

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A macrophage is a tissue based version of which other cell? Neutrophil Eosinophil Mast cell Monocyte Goblet cell Please select an option Incorrect. A macrophage is a monocyte that has entered tissue. WikiVet Article: Monocyte development Incorrect. A macrophage is a monocyte that has entered tissue. WikiVet Article: Monocyte development Incorrect. A mast cell is a tissue based cell, with a similar role to basophils in the blood. A macrophage is a monocyte that has entered tissue. WikiVet Article: Monocyte development Correct! A macrophage is a monocyte that has entered tissue. WikiVet Article: Monocyte development Incorrect. A macrophage is a monocyte that has entered tissue. WikiVet Article: Monocyte development

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Which cell is most abundant at the site of inflammation 4-6 hours after the onset of an inflammatory reaction? Eosinophil Mast cell Macrophage Neutrophil Basophil Please select an option Incorrect. Eosinophils will be present but they will not be the most abundant cell. Neutrophils are most abundant 4-6 hours after an inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Mast cells within the surrounding tissue will be present but they will not be the most abundant. Neutrophils are most abundant 4-6 hours after an inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Macrophages will be present but they will not be the most abundant cell. Macrophages become more abundant later in the inflammatory process. Neutrophils are most abundant 4-6 hours after an inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Correct! Neutrophils are most abundant 4-6 hours after an inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Basophils will be present but they will not be the most abundant cell. Neutrophils are most abundant 4-6 hours after an inflammatory reaction. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

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Dendritic cells require which interleukin for development? IL-4 IL-5 IL-3 IL-7 IL-11 Please select an option Correct! IL-4 is required for dendritic cell development. WikiVet Article: Dendritic cells Incorrect. IL-5 stimulates the production of eosinophils. IL-4 is required for dendritic cell developent. WikiVet Article: Dendritic cells Incorrect. IL-3 stimulates the production of eosinophils. IL-4 is required for dendritic cell development. WikiVet Article: Dendritic cells Incorrect. IL-7 stimulates stromal cells in bone marrow. IL-4 is required for dendritic cell development. WikiVet Article: Dendritic cells Incorrect. IL-11 stimulates stromal cells in bone marrow.IL-4 is required for dendritic cell development. WikiVet Article: Dendritic cells

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Which type of leukocyte represents up to 50% of circulating leukocytes in the blood of a healthy dog? Lymphocytes Basophils Eosinophils Monocytes Neutrophils Please select an option Incorrect. In circulation, lymphocytes represent only 16 – 35% of leukocytes. Neutrophils represent 50% of circulating leukocytes. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. In circulation, basophils represent only 0.01 – 0.3% of leukocytes. Neutrophils represent 50% of circulating leukocytes.WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. In circulation, eosinophils represent only 1 – 6% of leukocytes. Neutrophils represent 50% of circulating leukocytes.WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. In circulation, monocytes represent only 3.5 – 9% of leukocytes. Neutrophils represent 50% of circulating leukocytes. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Correct! Neutrophils represent 50% of circulating leukocytes. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

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What is the lifespan of a neutrophil in tissue? 12-18 hrs 72-96 hours 18-22 hrs 6-8 hrs 24-48 hours Please select an option Incorrect. A neutrophil residing within tissue has a lifespan of 24-48 hours. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. A neutrophil residing within tissue has a lifespan of 24-48 hours. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. A neutrophil residing within tissue has a lifespan of 24-48 hours. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. A neutrophil in circulation has a lifespan of 6-8hrs. A neutrophil residing within tissue has a lifespan of 24-48 hours. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Correct! A neutrophil residing within tissue has a lifespan of 24-48 hours. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

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In which tissue of the healthy animal are neutrophils the most abundant? Bone marrow Spleen Blood Lymph Nodes Liver Please select an option 'Correct! Neutrophils are most abundant in bone marrow, up to five times more than elsewhere. WikiVet Article: Bone marrow Incorrect. Although the spleen does hold significant quantities of all types of blood cells, neutrophils are most abundant in bone marrow, up to five times more than elsewhere.WikiVet Article: Bone marrow Incorrect. Although neutrophils make up 50% of circulating leukocytes, neutrophils are most abundant in bone marrow, up to five times more than elsewhere. WikiVet Article: Bone marrow Incorrect. Neutrophils comprise less than 5% of the cell population in lymph nodes of a healthy animal. They are most abundant in bone marrow, up to five times more than elsewhere. WikiVet Article: Bone marrow Incorrect. The liver filters blood and therefore does not have a large population of neutrophils in the healthy animal. Neutrophils are most abundant in bone marrow, up to five times more than elsewhere. WikiVet Article: Bone marrow

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What type of organism do neutrophils usually protect against? Protozoa Fungi Bacteria Viruses Parasites Please select an option Incorrect. Most protozoal infections are dealt with by lymphocytes. Neutrophils are phagocytic and protect against bacterial infections.WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Most fungal infections are dealt with via a multi cellular immune approach. Neutrophils are phagocytic and protect against bacterial infections. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Correct! Neutrophils are phagocytic and protect against bacterial infections.WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Cells infected with viral nucleic acid are not usually phagocytosed by neutrophils and are usually neutralised by lymphocytes and other phagocytic leukocytes. Neutrophils are phagocytic and protect against bacterial infections.WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Eosinophils are adapted to deal with parasitic infections. Neutrophils are phagocytic and protect against bacterial infections. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

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What does a neutrophil form around the target cell? Capsid Phagosome Tonoplast Lysosome Vacuole Please select an option Incorrect. A capsid is the protein shell that is found in virus capsules. The protein shell helps protect the nucleic material. Neutrophils are phagocytic cells and form phagosomes around target cells such as bacteria. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Correct! Neutrophils are phagocytic cells and form phagosomes around target cells such as bacteria. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. A tonoplast is a membrane that surrounds a vacuole and is not formed around a target cell. Neutrophils are phagocytic cells and form phagosomes around target cells such as bacteria. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Lysosomes are small pockets of reactive molecules such as peroxides that fuse with phagosomes and form the phagolysosome to enable destruction of phagocytosed organisms and are not formed around target cells. Neutrophils are phagocytic cells and form phagosomes around target cells such as bacteria. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. A vacuole stores recycled material or debris protecting the cytoplasm of the cell and is not formed around target cells. Neutrophils are phagocytic cells and form phagosomes around target cells such as bacteria. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

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During the process of phagocytosis, which structure in the cytoplasm of a neutrophil degrades foreign material? Centriole Ribosome Lysosome Vacuole Golgi apparatus Please select an option Incorrect. Centrioles form mitotic spindles to facilitate mitosis and do not play a role in the breakdown of phagocytosed cells. The correct answer is lysosomes, which contain enzymes and reactive oxygen species that degrade all surrounding structures. Once a neutrophil has phagocytosed the target cell, lysosomes are released. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Ribosomes facilitate the production of proteins from RNA and are not directly involved in phagocytosis. The correct answer is lysosomes, which contain enzymes and reactive oxygen species that degrade all surrounding structures. Once a neutrophil has phagocytosed the target cell, lysosomes are released. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Correct! Lysosomes are small pockets of reactive molecules such as peroxides and enzymes. They fuse with phagosomes and form the phagolysosome to enable destruction of phagocytosed organisms. Once a neutrophil has phagocytosed the target cell, lysosomes are released. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. A vacuole stores recycled material or debris protecting the cytoplasm of the cell and are not used directly to breakdown target cells. The correct answer is lysosomes, which contain enzymes and reactive oxygen species that degrade all surrounding structures. Once a neutrophil has phagocytosed the target cell, lysosomes are released. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Golgi apparatus are involved in providing membranes for structures such as lysosomes and vacuoles. The correct answer is lysosomes, which contain enzymes and reactive oxygen species that degrade all surrounding structures. Once a neutrophil has phagocytosed the target cell, lysosomes are released. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

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Which interleukin is a chemoattractant for neutrophils? IL-2 IL-4 IL-6 IL-12 IL-9 Please select an option Incorrect. IL-2 binds to lymphocytes rather than neutrophils. IL-6 together with IL-8 act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. IL-4 stimulates the maturation of T helper cells. IL-6 together with IL-8 act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils 'Correct! IL-6 together with IL-8 act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. IL-12 is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages in response to antigenic stimulation. IL-6 together with IL-8 act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. IL-9 binds to mature T helper cells, not neutrophils. IL-6 together with IL-8 act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

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Which granule found in basophils is able to cause vasodilation? Heparin Defensins Histamine Hydrolase Myeloperoxidase Please select an option Incorrect. Heparin is a granule found in basophils and when released has anticoagulant properties. Histamine is a granule found in basophils that can cause vasodilation is released. It is part of the reason why infection is always associated with swelling. Histamine helps to ensure that other immune cells are quickly able to reach the site of infection. WikiVet Article: Basophils Defensins are not a granule found in basophils but are found in neutrophils as a primary granule. Histamine is a granule found in basophils that can cause vasodilation is released. It is part of the reason why infection is always associated with swelling. Histamine helps to ensure that other immune cells are quickly able to reach the site of infection. WikiVet Article: Basophils 'Correct! Histamine is a granule found in basophils that can cause vasodilation is released. It is part of the reason why infection is always associated with swelling. Histamine helps to ensure that other immune cells are quickly able to reach the site of infection. WikiVet Article: Basophils Incorrect. Hydrolase is not a granule found in basophils but is found in neutrophils as a primary granule. Histamine is a granule found in basophils that can cause vasodilation is released. It is part of the reason why infection is always associated with swelling. Histamine helps to ensure that other immune cells are quickly able to reach the site of infection. WikiVet Article: Basophils Incorrect. Myeloperoxidase is not a granule found in basophils but is found in neutrophils as a primary granule. Histamine is a granule found in basophils that can cause vasodilation is released. It is part of the reason why infection is always associated with swelling. Histamine helps to ensure that other immune cells are quickly able to reach the site of infection. WikiVet Article: Basophils

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Which of the following tissues are eosinophils mostly associated with in the healthy animal? Respiratory tissues Neuronal tissues Skin epithelial tissues Muscle tissues Circulatory tissues Please select an option 'Correct! Eosinophils are mainly associated with connective tissue found in respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Eosinophils are mainly associated with connective tissue found in respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Eosinophils are mainly associated with connective tissue found in respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Eosinophils are not associated with muscles tissues, but are mainly associated with connective tissue found in respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Eosinophils are mainly associated with connective tissue found in respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems WikiVet Article: Eosinophils

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Which type of hypersensitivity are eosinophils associated with? Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Please select an option 'Correct! Eosinophils are associated with allergies and these are Type I hypersensitivities. These are immediate sensitivities and are mediated by the immunoglobulin IgE. WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Type II hypersensitivities are cytoxic antibody dependent and are mediated by immunoglobulins IgG or IgM. Eosinophils are associated with allergies and these are Type I hypersensitivities. These are immediate sensitivities and are mediated by the immunoglobulin IgE. WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Type III hypersensitivities are immune complex derived and mediated by immunoglobulin IgG. Eosinophils are associated with allergies and these are Type I hypersensitivities. These are immediate sensitivities and are mediated by the immunoglobulin IgE. WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Type IV hypersensitivities are delayed type hypersensitivities and are either antibody or immune cell mediated. Eosinophils are associated with allergies and these are Type I hypersensitivities. These are immediate sensitivities and are mediated by the immunoglobulin IgE. WikiVet Article: Eosinophils Incorrect. Type V hypersensitivities are auto immune diseases and are mediated by either IgG or IgM. Eosinophils are associated with allergies and these are Type I hypersensitivities. These are immediate sensitivities and are mediated by the immunoglobulin IgE. WikiVet Article: Eosinophils

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Which cell types are predominant at the site of tissue damage 24 hours after the onset of inflammation? Macrophages and neutrophils Lymphocytes and macrophages Mast cells and macrophages Basophils and neutrophils Lymphocytes and neutrophils Please select an option 'Correct! At 24 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction neutrophils and macrophages are the predominant cell types. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Lymphocytes will be present but at 24 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction neutrophils and macrophages are the predominant cell types. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Mast cells will be present but at 24 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction neutrophils and macrophages are the predominant cell types. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Basophils will be present but at 24 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction neutrophils and macrophages are the predominant cell types. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils Incorrect. Lymphocytes will be present but at 24 hours after the beginning of an inflammatory reaction neutrophils and macrophages are the predominant cell types.. WikiVet Article: Neutrophils

15	What is often clearly visible under light microscopy of macrophage cytoplasm stained with haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) ? Please select an option