Abdominal anatomy quiz

WIKIQUIZ

Questions reviewed by:

Mr David Kilroy MVB CVMA MRCVS Tony Sarma BVM&S CertSAS MRCVS

1

The lesser omentum forms between which structures? The lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver The stomach and the spleen The spleen and the liver The kidney and the spleen The liver and the body wall Please select an option Correct! The liver forms in the ventral mesentery, which persists in adulthood as the lesser omentum. WikiVet Article: lesser omentum. Incorrect. The stomach and the spleen are attached by the gastrosplenic ligament. The lesser omentum forms between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver. WikiVet Article: lesser omentum. Incorrect. The spleen and the liver are not attached. The lesser omentum forms between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver. WikiVet Article: lesser omentum. Incorrect. The kidney and the spleen are attached by the nephrosplenic ligament. The lesser omentum forms between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver. WikiVet Article: lesser omentum. Incorrect. The liver and the body wall are attached by the falciform ligament. The lesser omentum forms between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver. WikiVet Article: lesser omentum.

2

What do enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, which can be found in the gastric mucosa, secrete? Gastric Inhibitory Peptide Gastrin Hydrogen ions (H+) Pepsinogen Histamine Please select an option Incorrect. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide is secreted by K cells in the mucosa of the jejunum and duodenum. It acts to inhibit gastric motility and hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach and induce insulin secretion. Enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine. WikiVet Article: forestomach. Incorrect. Gastrin is secreted by G-cells in the pyloric mucosa which stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells to secrete histamine. WikiVet Article: forestomach. Incorrect. Hydrogen ions are secreted by parietal cells in the gastric mucosa to decrease the pH in the stomach lumen which causes denaturation of ingested proteins. Enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine. WikiVet Article: forestomach. Incorrect. Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells in the gastric glands which is converted to its active form pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the gastric lumen.Enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine. WikiVet Article: forestomach. Correct! Enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine which stimulates parietal cells to secrete hydrogen ions. WikiVet Article: forestomach.

3

The falciform ligament forms between which two structures? The lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver The spleen and the liver The stomach and the spleen The kidney and the spleen The liver and the body wall Please select an option Incorrect. The liver forms in the ventral mesentery. The liver remains attached to the stomach by persisting ventral mesentery known as lesser omentum and to the body wall by ventral mesentery known as the falciform ligament. Excision of the falciform ligament's attachment to the ventral body wall can greatly improve visibility of the cranial abdomen at surgery. WikiVet Article: falciform ligament. Incorrect. The spleen and the liver are not attached. The liver forms in the ventral mesentery. The liver remains attached to the stomach by persisting ventral mesentery known as lesser omentum and to the body wall by ventral mesentery known as the falciform ligament. Excision of the falciform ligament's attachment to the ventral body wall can greatly improve visibility of the cranial abdomen at surgery. WikiVet Article: falciform ligament. Incorrect. The stomach and the spleen are attached by the gastrosplenic ligament. The liver forms in the ventral mesentery. The liver remains attached to the stomach by persisting ventral mesentery known as lesser omentum and to the body wall by ventral mesentery known as the falciform ligament. Excision of the falciform ligament's attachment to the ventral body wall can greatly improve visibility of the cranial abdomen at surgery. WikiVet Article: falciform ligament. Incorrect. The kidney and the spleen are attached by the nephrosplenic ligament. The liver forms in the ventral mesentery. The liver remains attached to the stomach by persisting ventral mesentery known as lesser omentum and to the body wall by ventral mesentery known as the falciform ligament. Excision of the falciform ligament's attachment to the ventral body wall can greatly improve visibility of the cranial abdomen at surgery. WikiVet Article: falciform ligament. Correct! The liver forms in the ventral mesentery. The liver remains attached to the stomach by persisting ventral mesentery known as lesser omentum and to the body wall by ventral mesentery known as the falciform ligament. Excision of the falciform ligament's attachment to the ventral body wall can greatly improve visibility of the cranial abdomen at surgery. WikiVet Article: falciform ligament.

4

The caudal border of which muscle forms the inguinal ligament? External abdominal oblique muscle Internal abdominal oblique muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Cutaneous trunci muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Please select an option Correct! The caudal border of the external abdominal oblique muscle is thickened to form the inguinal ligament, and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The inguinal canal is bordered cranially by the internal abdominal oblique muscle so it does not form the inguinal ligament. The caudal border of the external abdominal oblique muscle is thickened to form the inguinal ligament and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The inguinal canal is bordered medially by the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle so it does not form the inguinal ligament. The caudal border of the external abdominal oblique muscle is thickened to form the inguinal ligament and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The cutaneous trunci muscle is not involved in the formation of the inguinal canal. The caudal border of the external abdominal oblique muscle is thickened to form the inguinal ligament and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The transversus abdominis muscle is not involved in the formation of the inguinal canal. The caudal border of the external abdominal oblique muscle is thickened to form the inguinal ligament and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature.

5

To which lobe of the liver does the hepatorenal ligament attach? Right medial Right lateral Caudate lobe Quadrate Left lateral Please select an option Incorrect. The hepatorenal ligament connects the cranial pole of the right kidney to the caudate lobe of the liver. Incorrect. The hepatorenal ligament connects the cranial pole of the right kidney to the caudate lobe of the liver. Correct! The hepatorenal ligament connects the cranial pole of the right kidney to the caudate lobe of the liver. Incorrect. The hepatorenal ligament connects the cranial pole of the right kidney to the caudate lobe of the liver. Incorrect. The hepatorenal ligament connects the cranial pole of the right kidney to the caudate lobe of the liver.

6

Fibres of the internal abdominal oblique muscle run in which direction? Dorsocaudally Cranioventrally Dorsoventrally Caudoventrally Craniocaudally Please select an option Incorrect. There is no abdominal muscle whose fibres run dorsocaudally. The fibres of the internal abdominal oblique run cranioventrally from the tuber coxae and the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea alba. The direction of the fibres make this muscle is easily identifiable on flank laparotomy (e.g. for cat spey). WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Correct! The fibres of the internal abdominal oblique run cranioventrally from the tuber coxae and the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea alba. The direction of the fibres make this muscle is easily identifiable on flank laparotomy (e.g., for cat spey). WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The fibres of the transversus abdominus run dorsoventrally from the inner surface of the last ribs and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. The fibres of the internal abdominal oblique run cranioventrally from the tuber coxae and the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea alba. The direction of the fibres make this muscle is easily identifiable on flank laparotomy (e.g., for cat spey). WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The fibres of the external abdominal oblique muscle run caudoventrally from the lateral surfaces of the ribs and the lumbar fascia to the linea alba. The fibres of the internal abdominal oblique run cranioventrally from the tuber coxae and the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea alba. The direction of the fibres make this muscle is easily identifiable on flank laparotomy (e.g., for cat spey). WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The fibres of the rectus abdominis muscle run craniocaudally from the ventral costal cartilages to the prepubic tendon. The fibres of the internal abdominal oblique run cranioventrally from the tuber coxae and the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea alba. The direction of the fibres make this muscle is easily identifiable on flank laparotomy (e.g., for cat spey). WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature.

7

A slit in the aponeurosis of which muscle forms the superficial inguinal ring? Rectus abdominis muscle Cutaneous trunci muscle External abdominal oblique muscle Internal abdominal oblique muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Please select an option Incorrect. The rectus abdominis muscle does not have an aponeurosis. A slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The cutaneous trunci muscle is not involved in the formation of the inguinal canal. A slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Correct! The caudal border of the external abdominal oblique muscle is thickened to form the inguinal ligament and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The inguinal canal is bordered cranially by the internal abdominal oblique muscle. A slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature. Incorrect. The transversus abdominis muscle is not involved in the formation of the inguinal canal. A slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle forms the superficial inguinal ring. WikiVet Article: abdominal musculature.

8

Which of the following organs is considered to be retroperitoneal? Pancreas Liver Kidneys Duodenum Spleen Please select an option Incorrect. The pancreas is enclosed by a fold of visceral peritoneum so is intraperitoneal. The kidneys are located between the parietal peritoneum and the body wall, hence they are considered retroperitoneal. In practice, this means that the kidneys (and associated structures such as adrenal glands and ovaries) can be easily visualised at exploratory surgery by performing either a duodenal manoeuvre (for the right kidney) or colic manoeuvre (for the left kidney). The duodenal manoeuvre involves lifting the descending duodenum up, and moving it gently across the abdominal cavity to the left side of the body. This causes the mesoduodenum to catch the abdominal viscera and pull them to the left, allowing the right retroperitoneal space to be seen. The colic manoeuvre uses the descending colon and mesocolon similarly to see the left retroperitoneal space. WikiVet Article: Retroperitoneal organs Incorrect. The liver is enclosed by a fold of visceral peritoneum so is intraperitoneal. The kidneys are located between the parietal peritoneum and the body wall, hence they are considered retroperitoneal. In practice, this means that the kidneys (and associated structures such as adrenal glands and ovaries) can be easily visualised at exploratory surgery by performing either a duodenal manoeuvre (for the right kidney) or colic manoeuvre (for the left kidney). The duodenal manoeuvre involves lifting the descending duodenum up, and moving it gently across the abdominal cavity to the left side of the body. This causes the mesoduodenum to catch the abdominal viscera and pull them to the left, allowing the right retroperitoneal space to be seen. The colic manoeuvre uses the descending colon and mesocolon similarly to see the left retroperitoneal space. WikiVet Article: Retroperitoneal organs Correct! The kidneys are located between the parietal peritoneum and the body wall, hence they are considered retroperitoneal. In practice, this means that the kidneys (and associated structures such as adrenal glands and ovaries) can be easily visualised at exploratory surgery by performing either a duodenal manoeuvre (for the right kidney) or colic manoeuvre (for the left kidney). The duodenal manoeuvre involves lifting the descending duodenum up, and moving it gently across the abdominal cavity to the left side of the body. This causes the mesoduodenum to catch the abdominal viscera and pull them to the left, allowing the right retroperitoneal space to be seen. The colic manoeuvre uses the descending colon and mesocolon similarly to see the left retroperitoneal space. WikiVet Article: Retroperitoneal organs Incorrect. The duodenum is enclosed by a fold of visceral peritoneum so is intraperitoneal. The kidneys are located between the parietal peritoneum and the body wall, hence they are considered retroperitoneal. In practice, this means that the kidneys (and associated structures such as adrenal glands and ovaries) can be easily visualised at exploratory surgery by performing either a duodenal manoeuvre (for the right kidney) or colic manoeuvre (for the left kidney). The duodenal manoeuvre involves lifting the descending duodenum up, and moving it gently across the abdominal cavity to the left side of the body. This causes the mesoduodenum to catch the abdominal viscera and pull them to the left, allowing the right retroperitoneal space to be seen. The colic manoeuvre uses the descending colon and mesocolon similarly to see the left retroperitoneal space. WikiVet Article: Retroperitoneal organs Incorrect. The spleen is enclosed by a fold of visceral peritoneum so is intraperitoneal. The kidneys are located between the parietal peritoneum and the body wall, hence they are considered retroperitoneal. In practice, this means that the kidneys (and associated structures such as adrenal glands and ovaries) can be easily visualised at exploratory surgery by performing either a duodenal manoeuvre (for the right kidney) or colic manoeuvre (for the left kidney). The duodenal manoeuvre involves lifting the descending duodenum up, and moving it gently across the abdominal cavity to the left side of the body. This causes the mesoduodenum to catch the abdominal viscera and pull them to the left, allowing the right retroperitoneal space to be seen. The colic manoeuvre uses the descending colon and mesocolon similarly to see the left retroperitoneal space. WikiVet Article: Retroperitoneal organs

9

The omental bursa is the space between which structures? The greater omentum and the lesser omentum The greater omentum and the stomach The double layers of peritoneum forming the greater omentum The lesser omentum and the falciform ligament The greater omentum and the supraomental recess Please select an option Incorrect. As the stomach develops there is a great expansion of the dorsal suspension of the stomach or the greater omentum. The greater omentum is a double layer of peritoneum which attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and the dorsal body wall. The cavity between the layers is the omental bursa and the opening to it is the epiploic foramen. WikiVet Article: peritoneal cavity. Incorrect. As the stomach develops there is a great expansion of the dorsal suspension of the stomach or the greater omentum. The greater omentum is a double layer of peritoneum which attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and the dorsal body wall. The cavity between the layers is the omental bursa and the opening to it is the epiploic foramen. WikiVet Article: peritoneal cavity. Correct! As the stomach develops there is a great expansion of the dorsal suspension of the stomach or the greater omentum. The greater omentum is a double layer of peritoneum which attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and the dorsal body wall. The cavity between the layers is the omental bursa and the opening to it is the epiploic foramen. WikiVet Article: peritoneal cavity. Incorrect. As the stomach develops there is a great expansion of the dorsal suspension of the stomach or the greater omentum. The greater omentum is a double layer of peritoneum which attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and the dorsal body wall. The cavity between the layers is the omental bursa and the opening to it is the epiploic foramen. WikiVet Article: peritoneal cavity. Incorrect. As the stomach develops there is a great expansion of the dorsal suspension of the stomach or the greater omentum. The greater omentum is a double layer of peritoneum which attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and the dorsal body wall. The cavity between the layers is the omental bursa and the opening to it is the epiploic foramen. WikiVet Article: peritoneal cavity.

10

Which of the following layers is NOT incised when a cat is spayed through a flank incision? Rectus abdominis muscle Parietal peritoneum External abdominal oblique muscle Subcutaneous tissue Internal abdominal oblique muscle Please select an option Correct! In a cat spay via a flank incision, the layers incised are:1) Skin 2) Subcutaneous tissue 3) 3 muscles - in order, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis 4) Parietal peritoneum. The rectus abdominis muscle is not incised during a flank incision as it lies far further ventrally. WikiVet Article: ribs and sternum. Incorrect. In a cat spay via a flank incision, the layers incised are:1) Skin 2) Subcutaneous tissue 3) 3 muscles - in order, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis 4) Parietal peritoneum. The rectus abdominis muscle is not incised during a flank incision as it lies far further ventrally. WikiVet Article: ribs and sternum. Incorrect. In a cat spay via a flank incision, the layers incised are:1) Skin 2) Subcutaneous tissue 3) 3 muscles - in order, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis 4) Parietal peritoneum. The rectus abdominis muscle is not incised during a flank incision as it lies far further ventrally. WikiVet Article: ribs and sternum. Incorrect. In a cat spay via a flank incision, the layers incised are:1) Skin 2) Subcutaneous tissue 3) 3 muscles - in order, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis 4) Parietal peritoneum. The rectus abdominis muscle is not incised during a flank incision as it lies far further ventrally. WikiVet Article: ribs and sternum. Incorrect. In a cat spay via a flank incision, the layers incised are:1) Skin 2) Subcutaneous tissue 3) 3 muscles - in order, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis 4) Parietal peritoneum. The rectus abdominis muscle is not incised during a flank incision as it lies far further ventrally. WikiVet Article: ribs and sternum.