Difference between revisions of "Small animal abdominal surgery and diagnostics quiz"
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choice3="A state of intestinal stasis" | choice3="A state of intestinal stasis" | ||
correctchoice="2" | correctchoice="2" | ||
| − | feedback2="'''Correct!''' This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term intestinal torsion to refer to twists around the root of the mesentery; strictly, this is in fact mesenteric torsion which may lead to intestinal volvulus. | + | feedback2="'''Correct!''' This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term intestinal torsion to refer to twists around the root of the mesentery; strictly, this is in fact mesenteric torsion which may lead to intestinal volvulus. Volvulus is defined as a twisting of a viscus causing obstruction of blood flow. This generally occurs in the stomach (as in GDV) or small intestine, and leads to an intense, almost black, congestion as a result of haemostasis. Necrosis of the affected gut may follow. When assessing viability of gut, it is important to remember that the mucosa is more sensitive to ischaemic damage than the serosa, so at surgery, it is possible to look at the intestines and assume that they are ok when in fact the mucosa has sustained significant damage, and may not be viable. As a rule of thumb, if in doubt about viability, it is safer to remove intestine (as long as you don't remove too much to allow the remainder to function!!!) Intussusception is defined as telescoping of one section of intestine into the lumen of an adjacent section. The part of the intestine which passes into the lumen of the next section is referred to as the intussusceptum; the intestine into which the intussusceptum enters (and often becomes stuck) is known as the intussuscipiens. Intussusception occurs in all species particularly in young dogs and can involve the small intestine, caecum or colon. A hernia is displacement of intestine through a defect in the wall of the abdominal cavity; technically, in a "true" hernia, the defect through which the intestine passes is a normal opening in the abdominal cavity (e.g. umbilical hernias in young animals), whereas a "rupture" is where the normal body wall has been disrupted (e.g. diaphragmatic rupture; technically, the common perineal "hernia" should be referred to as "perineal rupture"). Intestine may become trapped in the abdominal wall defect, and if blood flow becomes disrupted, this is referred to as "strangulation". Ileus is described as a state of intestinal stasis. The intestine is usually flaccid or distended with gas; ileus is most commonly seen in horses and rabbits. [[Intestine Physical Disturbances - Pathology#Positional Changes.2F Displacements|WikiVet Article: Positional changes]]." |
| − | + | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term intestinal torsion to refer to twists around the root of the mesentery; strictly, this is in fact mesenteric torsion which may lead to intestinal volvulus. Volvulus is defined as a twisting of a viscus causing obstruction of blood flow. This generally occurs in the stomach (as in GDV) or small intestine, and leads to an intense, almost black, congestion as a result of haemostasis. Necrosis of the affected gut may follow. When assessing viability of gut, it is important to remember that the mucosa is more sensitive to ischaemic damage than the serosa, so at surgery, it is possible to look at the intestines and assume that they are ok when in fact the mucosa has sustained significant damage, and may not be viable. As a rule of thumb, if in doubt about viability, it is safer to remove intestine (as long as you don't remove too much to allow the remainder to function!!!) Intussusception is defined as telescoping of one section of intestine into the lumen of an adjacent section. The part of the intestine which passes into the lumen of the next section is referred to as the intussusceptum; the intestine into which the intussusceptum enters (and often becomes stuck) is known as the intussuscipiens. Intussusception occurs in all species particularly in young dogs and can involve the small intestine, caecum or colon. A hernia is displacement of intestine through a defect in the wall of the abdominal cavity; technically, in a "true" hernia, the defect through which the intestine passes is a normal opening in the abdominal cavity (e.g. umbilical hernias in young animals), whereas a "rupture" is where the normal body wall has been disrupted (e.g. diaphragmatic rupture; technically, the common perineal "hernia" should be referred to as "perineal rupture"). Intestine may become trapped in the abdominal wall defect, and if blood flow becomes disrupted, this is referred to as "strangulation". Ileus is described as a state of intestinal stasis. The intestine is usually flaccid or distended with gas; ileus is most commonly seen in horses and rabbits. [[Intestine Physical Disturbances - Pathology#Positional Changes.2F Displacements|WikiVet Article: Positional changes]]." | |
| − | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term intestinal torsion to refer to twists around the root of the mesentery; strictly, this is in fact mesenteric torsion which may lead to intestinal volvulus. Volvulus is defined as a twisting of a viscus causing obstruction of blood flow. This generally occurs in the stomach (as in GDV) or small intestine, and leads to an intense, almost black, congestion as a result of haemostasis. Necrosis of the affected gut may follow. When assessing viability of gut, it is important to remember that the mucosa is more sensitive to ischaemic damage than the serosa, so at surgery, it is possible to look at the intestines and assume that they are ok when in fact the mucosa has sustained significant damage, and may not be viable. As a rule of thumb, if in doubt about viability, it is safer to remove intestine (as long as you don't remove too much to allow the remainder to function!!!) Intussusception is defined as telescoping of one section of intestine into the lumen of an adjacent section. The part of the intestine which passes into the lumen of the next section is referred to as the intussusceptum; the intestine into which the intussusceptum enters (and often becomes stuck) is known as the intussuscipiens. Intussusception occurs in all species particularly in young dogs and can involve the small intestine, caecum or colon. A hernia is displacement of intestine through a defect in the wall of the abdominal cavity; technically, in a "true" hernia, the defect through which the intestine passes is a normal opening in the abdominal cavity (e.g. umbilical hernias in young animals), whereas a "rupture" is where the normal body wall has been disrupted (e.g. diaphragmatic rupture; technically, the common perineal "hernia" should be referred to as "perineal rupture"). Intestine may become trapped in the abdominal wall defect, and if blood flow becomes disrupted, this is referred to as "strangulation". Ileus is described as a state of intestinal stasis. The intestine is usually flaccid or distended with gas; ileus is most commonly seen in horses and rabbits. [[Intestine Physical Disturbances - Pathology#Positional Changes.2F Displacements|WikiVet Article: Positional changes]]." | |
| − | + | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term intestinal torsion to refer to twists around the root of the mesentery; strictly, this is in fact mesenteric torsion which may lead to intestinal volvulus. Volvulus is defined as a twisting of a viscus causing obstruction of blood flow. This generally occurs in the stomach (as in GDV) or small intestine, and leads to an intense, almost black, congestion as a result of haemostasis. Necrosis of the affected gut may follow. When assessing viability of gut, it is important to remember that the mucosa is more sensitive to ischaemic damage than the serosa, so at surgery, it is possible to look at the intestines and assume that they are ok when in fact the mucosa has sustained significant damage, and may not be viable. As a rule of thumb, if in doubt about viability, it is safer to remove intestine (as long as you don't remove too much to allow the remainder to function!!!) Intussusception is defined as telescoping of one section of intestine into the lumen of an adjacent section. The part of the intestine which passes into the lumen of the next section is referred to as the intussusceptum; the intestine into which the intussusceptum enters (and often becomes stuck) is known as the intussuscipiens. Intussusception occurs in all species particularly in young dogs and can involve the small intestine, caecum or colon. A hernia is displacement of intestine through a defect in the wall of the abdominal cavity; technically, in a "true" hernia, the defect through which the intestine passes is a normal opening in the abdominal cavity (e.g. umbilical hernias in young animals), whereas a "rupture" is where the normal body wall has been disrupted (e.g. diaphragmatic rupture; technically, the common perineal "hernia" should be referred to as "perineal rupture"). Intestine may become trapped in the abdominal wall defect, and if blood flow becomes disrupted, this is referred to as "strangulation". Ileus is described as a state of intestinal stasis. The intestine is usually flaccid or distended with gas; ileus is most commonly seen in horses and rabbits. [[Intestine Physical Disturbances - Pathology#Positional Changes.2F Displacements|WikiVet Article: Positional changes]]." | |
| − | + | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term intestinal torsion to refer to twists around the root of the mesentery; strictly, this is in fact mesenteric torsion which may lead to intestinal volvulus. Volvulus is defined as a twisting of a viscus causing obstruction of blood flow. This generally occurs in the stomach (as in GDV) or small intestine, and leads to an intense, almost black, congestion as a result of haemostasis. Necrosis of the affected gut may follow. When assessing viability of gut, it is important to remember that the mucosa is more sensitive to ischaemic damage than the serosa, so at surgery, it is possible to look at the intestines and assume that they are ok when in fact the mucosa has sustained significant damage, and may not be viable. As a rule of thumb, if in doubt about viability, it is safer to remove intestine (as long as you don't remove too much to allow the remainder to function!!!) Intussusception is defined as telescoping of one section of intestine into the lumen of an adjacent section. The part of the intestine which passes into the lumen of the next section is referred to as the intussusceptum; the intestine into which the intussusceptum enters (and often becomes stuck) is known as the intussuscipiens. Intussusception occurs in all species particularly in young dogs and can involve the small intestine, caecum or colon. A hernia is displacement of intestine through a defect in the wall of the abdominal cavity; technically, in a "true" hernia, the defect through which the intestine passes is a normal opening in the abdominal cavity (e.g. umbilical hernias in young animals), whereas a "rupture" is where the normal body wall has been disrupted (e.g. diaphragmatic rupture; technically, the common perineal "hernia" should be referred to as "perineal rupture"). Intestine may become trapped in the abdominal wall defect, and if blood flow becomes disrupted, this is referred to as "strangulation". Ileus is described as a state of intestinal stasis. The intestine is usually flaccid or distended with gas; ileus is most commonly seen in horses and rabbits. [[Intestine Physical Disturbances - Pathology#Positional Changes.2F Displacements|WikiVet Article: Positional changes]]." | |
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| − | |||
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image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
| Line 53: | Line 48: | ||
choice1="Fluoroscopy" | choice1="Fluoroscopy" | ||
correctchoice="5" | correctchoice="5" | ||
| − | feedback5="'''Correct!''' Oesophagoscopy should be used to confirm the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Stricture|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback5="'''Correct!''' Oesophagoscopy should be used to confirm the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Stricture - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. ]]" |
| − | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Survey radiographs are usually unremarkable in animals with benign oesophageal strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to confirm the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Stricture|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Survey radiographs are usually unremarkable in animals with benign oesophageal strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to confirm the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Stricture - WikiClinical |WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. ]]" |
| − | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Although barium contrast radiography is normally diagnostic of the disorder, demonstrating narrowing of the oesophagus, it may not exclude intraluminal masses. Oesophagoscopy is required for definitive diagnosis. It should be used to confirm the site and severity of the stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Although barium contrast radiography is normally diagnostic of the disorder, demonstrating narrowing of the oesophagus, it may not exclude intraluminal masses. Oesophagoscopy is required for definitive diagnosis. It should be used to confirm the site and severity of the stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Stricture - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. ]]" |
| − | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Although ultrasonography may visualise a stricture caused by extramural mass compression, it is not usually useful in diagnosing small benign strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to provide a definitive diagnosis, confirming the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Stricture|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Although ultrasonography may visualise a stricture caused by extramural mass compression, it is not usually useful in diagnosing small benign strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to provide a definitive diagnosis, confirming the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Stricture - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture]]." |
| − | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Fluoroscopy may be unremarkable in animals with benign oesophageal strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to provide a definitive diagnosis, confirming the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Conditions|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Fluoroscopy may be unremarkable in animals with benign oesophageal strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to provide a definitive diagnosis, confirming the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. [[Oesophageal Conditions|WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. ]]" |
image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
| Line 69: | Line 64: | ||
choice4="Administration of Lidocaine (for cardiac arrythmias) and fluid therapy." | choice4="Administration of Lidocaine (for cardiac arrythmias) and fluid therapy." | ||
correctchoice="3" | correctchoice="3" | ||
| − | feedback3="'''Correct!''' Fluid therapy and gastric decompression will stabilize the animal. Gastric decompression must be carried out as soon as possible as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. The gastric wall can also become devitalised. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. | + | feedback3="'''Correct!''' Fluid therapy and gastric decompression will stabilize the animal. Gastric decompression must be carried out as soon as possible as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. The gastric wall can also become devitalised. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock." |
| − | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The administration of lidocaine is not considered a first line emergency treatment. It may be required to once the dog is stabilized in order to treat a cardiac arrhythmia. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The administration of lidocaine is not considered a first line emergency treatment. It may be required to once the dog is stabilized in order to treat a cardiac arrhythmia. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock." |
| − | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Although these drugs may be required once the animal is more stable, they are not considered a part of the first line emergency treatment. Pure opioids such as morphine can be given to provide analgesia. Broad spectrum antibiotics should be given at surgical induction due to the possibility of endotoxaemia and bacterial translocation at surgery. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. | + | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Although these drugs may be required once the animal is more stable, they are not considered a part of the first line emergency treatment. Pure opioids such as morphine can be given to provide analgesia. Broad spectrum antibiotics should be given at surgical induction due to the possibility of endotoxaemia and bacterial translocation at surgery. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock." |
| − | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Pure opioids may be administered to provide analgesia once the animal has been stabilised by gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided due to their adverse effects on the gastric mucosa. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena caval obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. | + | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Pure opioids may be administered to provide analgesia once the animal has been stabilised by gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided due to their adverse effects on the gastric mucosa. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena caval obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock." |
| − | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Although fluid therapy is regarded as one of the first line emergency treatments to treat hypovolaemic shock, lidocaine is not. Lidocaine may be administered once the animal is stabilize in order to treat a cardiac arrhythmia. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena caval obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. | + | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Although fluid therapy is regarded as one of the first line emergency treatments to treat hypovolaemic shock, lidocaine is not. Lidocaine may be administered once the animal is stabilize in order to treat a cardiac arrhythmia. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena caval obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock." |
image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
| Line 85: | Line 80: | ||
choice1="Gastroscopy alone" | choice1="Gastroscopy alone" | ||
correctchoice="5" | correctchoice="5" | ||
| − | feedback5="'''Correct!''' Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Gastritis | + | feedback5="'''Correct!''' Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Chronic Gastritis - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis]]." |
| − | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Plain abdominal radiography is usually unremarkable. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Gastritis | + | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Plain abdominal radiography is usually unremarkable. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Chronic Gastritis - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis]]" |
| − | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Contrast abdominal radiography may reveal thickening or irregularity of the gastric rugae but does not provide a definitive diagnosis. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Gastritis | + | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Contrast abdominal radiography may reveal thickening or irregularity of the gastric rugae but does not provide a definitive diagnosis. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Chronic Gastritis - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis]]" |
| − | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Haematology and biochemistry may reveal possible effects of chronic gastritis such as anaemia due to chronic blood loss, however, the findings are not diagnostic. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Gastritis | + | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Haematology and biochemistry may reveal possible effects of chronic gastritis such as anaemia due to chronic blood loss, however, the findings are not diagnostic. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Chronic Gastritis - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis]]" |
| − | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Varying degrees of hyperaemia, hypertrophy and haemorrhage due to chronic gastritis may be evident. However, if no endoscopic lesions are visualised, chronic gastritis cannot be ruled out. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[Gastritis | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Varying degrees of hyperaemia, hypertrophy and haemorrhage due to chronic gastritis may be evident. However, if no endoscopic lesions are visualised, chronic gastritis cannot be ruled out. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. [[ Chronic Gastritis - WikiClinical |WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis]]" |
image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
| Line 101: | Line 96: | ||
choice5="Miniature Schnauzers" | choice5="Miniature Schnauzers" | ||
correctchoice="4" | correctchoice="4" | ||
| − | feedback4="'''Correct!''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback4="'''Correct!''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas]]." |
| − | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas]]." |
| − | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas]]." |
| − | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas]]." |
| − | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula|WikiVet Article: | + | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. [[Oesophageal Fistula - WikiClinical|WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas]]." |
image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
| Line 117: | Line 112: | ||
choice1="Castrated cats" | choice1="Castrated cats" | ||
correctchoice="4" | correctchoice="4" | ||
| − | feedback4="'''Correct!''' 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. | + | feedback4="'''Correct!''' 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed." |
| − | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Perineal hernias are rare in cats. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. | + | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Perineal hernias are rare in cats. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed." |
| − | feedback2=" | + | feedback2="Incorrect, perineal hernias occur less frequently in neutered dogs. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed." |
| − | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. | + | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs." |
| − | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Perineal hernias occur less frequently in bitches. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Perineal hernias occur less frequently in bitches. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed." |
image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
| Line 133: | Line 128: | ||
choice5="Base of the heart; Thoracic inlet; Immediately caudal to the larynx" | choice5="Base of the heart; Thoracic inlet; Immediately caudal to the larynx" | ||
correctchoice="2" | correctchoice="2" | ||
| − | feedback2="'''Correct!''' The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; | + | feedback2="'''Correct!''' The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm." |
| − | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. | + | feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm." |
| − | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm." |
| − | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. | + | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm." |
| − | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Immediately caudal to the larynx is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. | + | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Immediately caudal to the larynx is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm." |
image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
| Line 149: | Line 144: | ||
choice2="Traction; Para-oesophageal" | choice2="Traction; Para-oesophageal" | ||
correctchoice="4" | correctchoice="4" | ||
| − | feedback4="'''Correct!''' Traction forms consists of all the oesophageal layers and results from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms includes the epithelium and connective tissue and have many causes. | + | feedback4="'''Correct!''' Traction forms consists of all the oesophageal layers and results from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms includes the epithelium and connective tissue and have many causes." |
| − | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Sliding refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes. | + | feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Sliding refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes." |
| − | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Sliding refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes. | + | feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Sliding refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes." |
| − | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' These two forms refer to hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes. | + | feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' These two forms refer to hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes." |
| − | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Para-oesophageal refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes. | + | feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Para-oesophageal refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes." |
image= ""> | image= ""> | ||
</WikiQuiz> | </WikiQuiz> | ||
Revision as of 15:23, 26 January 2010
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| Questions reviewed by: | Tony Sarma BVM&S CertSAS MRCVS |
1 |
What is the recurrence rate of intussusception post surgery? |
2 |
In relation to positional changes of the intestine, what is a torsion? |
3 |
Which is the best diagnostic technique for definitively diagnosing an oesophageal stricture? |
4 |
What are the two most important first line emergency treatments for gastric dilatation and volvulus? |
5 |
Which is the best diagnostic technique for definitively diagnosing chronic gastritis? |
6 |
Which breed of dog has been associated with a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas? |
7 |
What is the most common signalment for perineal hernias? |
8 |
What are the 3 most common sites for oesophageal foreign bodies? |
9 |
What are the two types of acquired oesophageal diverticula? |