Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"
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+ | {{toplink | ||
+ | |linkpage =Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood | ||
+ | |linktext =HOST INVASION BY MICROORGANISMS | ||
+ | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood | ||
+ | |subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS | ||
+ | |pagetype =Blood | ||
+ | }} | ||
===Host invasion=== | ===Host invasion=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="1"> | <FlashCard questions="1"> | ||
Line 6: | Line 13: | ||
*Aerosol | *Aerosol | ||
*Orofecal | *Orofecal | ||
− | |l1=Host invasion by microorganisms | + | |l1=Host invasion by microorganisms - WikiBlood |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Viruses=== | ===Viruses=== | ||
Line 12: | Line 19: | ||
|q1=Naked viruses contain only...? | |q1=Naked viruses contain only...? | ||
|a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat | |a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat | ||
− | |l1= | + | |l1=Viruses - WikiBlood |
|q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins | |q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
Line 18: | Line 25: | ||
*Attachment to host cell | *Attachment to host cell | ||
*Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane | *Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane | ||
− | |l2= | + | |l2=Viruses - WikiBlood |
− | |q3=Name the two main innate | + | |q3=Name the two main innate defences against viral infection |
|a3= | |a3= | ||
*Interferon | *Interferon | ||
*Natural killer cells | *Natural killer cells | ||
− | |l3= | + | |l3=Viruses - WikiBlood |
|q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | |q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | ||
− | |a4= | + | |a4=IgA |
− | |l4= | + | |l4=Viruses - WikiBlood |
|q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | |q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | ||
|a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating | |a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating | ||
− | |l5= | + | |l5=Viruses - WikiBlood |
|q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | |q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | ||
|a6=Virolysis | |a6=Virolysis | ||
− | |l6= | + | |l6=Viruses - WikiBlood |
|q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? | |q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? | ||
|a7= | |a7= | ||
Line 38: | Line 45: | ||
*Lysis of infected cells | *Lysis of infected cells | ||
*Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells | *Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells | ||
− | |l7= | + | |l7=Viruses - WikiBlood |
− | |q8=What are the main cytokines CD4 | + | |q8=What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? |
|a8= | |a8= | ||
*IFN-γ | *IFN-γ | ||
*TNF | *TNF | ||
− | |l8= | + | |l8=Viruses - WikiBlood |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
− | |||
===Bacteria=== | ===Bacteria=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="8"> | <FlashCard questions="8"> | ||
Line 53: | Line 59: | ||
*Most of the DNA is transcibed | *Most of the DNA is transcibed | ||
*No intervening sequences within structural genes | *No intervening sequences within structural genes | ||
− | |l1= | + | |l1=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around | |q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around | ||
|a2=Flagella | |a2=Flagella | ||
− | |l2=Bacteria | + | |l2=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | |q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | ||
|a2=Gram-negative | |a2=Gram-negative | ||
− | |l2= | + | |l2=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | |q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | ||
|a3=Cocci | |a3=Cocci | ||
− | |l3= | + | |l3=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | |q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | ||
|a4=Rods or bacilli | |a4=Rods or bacilli | ||
− | |l4= | + | |l4=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | |q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | ||
|a5=Koch's postulates | |a5=Koch's postulates | ||
− | |l5= | + | |l5=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | |q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | ||
|a6=Endotoxin shock | |a6=Endotoxin shock | ||
− | |l6= | + | |l6=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | |q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | ||
|a7=Binary fission | |a7=Binary fission | ||
− | |l7= | + | |l7=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
|q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? | |q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? | ||
|a8= | |a8= | ||
Line 80: | Line 86: | ||
*Transduction | *Transduction | ||
*Conjugation | *Conjugation | ||
− | |l8= | + | |l8=Bacteria - WikiBlood |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Parasites=== | ===Parasites=== | ||
Line 86: | Line 92: | ||
|q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | |q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | ||
|a1=Eukaryotic | |a1=Eukaryotic | ||
− | |l1= | + | |l1=Parasites - WikiBlood |
|q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? | |q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*Nematodes | *Nematodes | ||
*Platyhelminthes | *Platyhelminthes | ||
− | |l2= | + | |l2=Parasites - WikiBlood |
|q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | |q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | ||
|a3=Eosinophils | |a3=Eosinophils | ||
− | |l3= | + | |l3=Parasites - WikiBlood |
|q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | |q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | ||
− | |a4= | + | |a4=Th1 |
− | |l4= | + | |l4=Parasites - WikiBlood |
|q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | |q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | ||
− | |a5= | + | |a5=Th2 |
− | |l5= | + | |l5=Parasites - WikiBlood |
|q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? | |q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? | ||
|a6= | |a6= | ||
Line 108: | Line 114: | ||
*Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis | *Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis | ||
*Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | *Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | ||
− | |l6= | + | |l6=Parasites - WikiBlood |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
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Revision as of 10:54, 20 February 2010
|
Host invasion
Question | Answer | Article | |
By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? |
|
Link to Article |
Viruses
Question | Answer | Article | |
Naked viruses contain only...? | RNA/DNA and protein coat
|
Link to Article | |
Name three functions of viral structural proteins |
|
Link to Article | |
Name the two main innate defences against viral infection |
|
Link to Article | |
Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | IgA
|
Link to Article | |
What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
|
Link to Article | |
By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | Virolysis
|
Link to Article | |
When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? |
|
Link to Article | |
What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? |
|
Link to Article |
Bacteria
Question | Answer | Article | |
Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA |
|
Link to Article | |
Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | Gram-negative
|
Link to Article | |
Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | Cocci
|
Link to Article | |
Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | Rods or bacilli
|
Link to Article | |
What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | Koch's postulates
|
Link to Article | |
What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | Endotoxin shock
|
Link to Article | |
By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | Binary fission
|
Link to Article | |
By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? |
|
Link to Article |
Parasites
Question | Answer | Article | |
Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | Eukaryotic
|
Link to Article | |
What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? |
|
Link to Article | |
What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | Eosinophils
|
Link to Article | |
What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | Th1
|
Link to Article | |
What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | Th2
|
Link to Article | |
How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? |
|
Link to Article |