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Innate Immunity Flashcards (view source)
Revision as of 11:04, 20 February 2010
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{{toplink
{{toplink
|linkpage =Innate Immune System - WikiBlood
|linkpage =Innate Immune System - WikiBlood
|linktext =INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
|linktext =INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
|pagetype =Blood
|pagetype =Blood
}}
}}
===Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System===
==<font color="purple">Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System</font>==
<FlashCard questions="14">
|q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system
|a1=True
|l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction
|q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?
|-
|a2=
|<big>'''True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system'''
*Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria
*Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
*'''''True'''''
*Mannose sugars
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*D-isoform amino acids
|-
|l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
|<big>'''Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?'''
|q3=What recognises PAMPs?
||<font color="white"> <big>
|a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
|l3=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
|q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?
|a4=Cell membrane
|l4=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
|q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?
|-
|a5=Cell cytoplasm
|<big>'''What recognises PAMPs?'''
|l5=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms
||<font color="white"> <big>
|q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?
*'''''Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)'''''
|a6=
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Glycosidases
|-
*Lipases
|<big>'''Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?'''
*Proteases
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l6=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis
*'''''Cell membrane'''''
|q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|a7=
|-
*False
|<big>'''Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?'''
*Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l7=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis
*'''''Cell cytoplasm'''''
|q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|a8=
|-
*Skin
*Mucous membranes
|l8=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Pysical Barriers
*'''''Glycosidases'''''
|q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system
*'''''Lipases'''''
|a9=
*'''''Proteases'''''
*Lactic and fatty acids
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Enzymes
|-
*Mucous
|l9=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Biochemical Barriers
||<font color="white"> <big>
|q10=What is the function of commensal organisms?
|a10=
*'''''Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way'''''
*Produce natural antibiotics
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces
|-
|l10=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms
|q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms:
||<font color="white"> <big>
<p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p>
|a11=
*'''''Mucous membranes'''''
*opportunistic
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Pysical Barriers|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*increased
|-
|l11=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms
|q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action
|a12=
*'''''Lactic and fatty acids'''''
*Lysozyme
**Digests bacterial cell walls
*Complement
**Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms
|-
*Interferons
**=Make uninfected cells resistant to infection
||<font color="white"> <big>
|l12=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Humoral Factors
*'''''Produce natural antibiotics'''''
|q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?
*'''''Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces'''''
|a13=
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
*Neutrophils
*Eosinophils
*Basophils/mast cells
||<big>When commensals are disturbed, infection with <font color="white">'''''opportunistic'''''</font> organisms is <font color="white">'''''increased'''''</font>
|l13=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses
||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?
|-
|a14=Monocytes
|<big>'''Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action'''
*Tissue mast cells
*Macrophages
|l14=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses
</FlashCard>
===Innate Immunity to Viruses===
<FlashCard questions="4">
|q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?
|a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
|l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
|q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?
|a2=
*Cell surface
*Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
|l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
|q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?
|a3=
*Increases mRNA degredation
*Inhibits protein synthesis
*Increases antigen presentation to antibody
|l3=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
|q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?
|a4=
*Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
*Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface
|l4=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses
</FlashCard>
===Innate Immunity to Bacteria===
<FlashCard questions="2">
|q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?
|a1
*=White blood cell influx
*Vasodilation
*Increase in vascular permeability
*Sustains a rise in core temperature
*Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver
*Mediates boone marrow mobilisation
|l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria
|q2=Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?
|a2=Neutrophils
|l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria
</FlashCard>
|}