Difference between revisions of "Lizard Urinary System"

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(New page: {{unfinished}} The '''kidneys''' are metanephric in all species. In iguanas they lie within the pelvic canal on either side of the colon. Nephromegaly can result in obstruction of the col...)
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==Kidneys==
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The '''kidneys''' are metanephric in all species. In iguanas they lie within the pelvic canal on either side of the colon. Nephromegaly can result in obstruction of the colon.
  
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The '''kidneys''' are metanephric in all species. In iguanas they lie within the pelvic canal on either side of the colon. Nephromegaly can result in obstruction of the colon as it passes between the kidneys within the pelvic canal.
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'''Uric acid''' is the main form of nitrogenous waste with lesser amounts of ammonia and urea depending on the species, the natural environment and degree of water conservation required. Uric acid is excreted by tubular secretion rather than urea by glomerular filtration.
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* Granulomatous nephritis causing colonic obstruction or [[Lizard and Snake Dystocia|dystocia]] is relatively common in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]].  
 
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* The posterior segment of the kidney (called sexual segment) in some male geckos, skinks and [[Lizard Classification|iguanid]]s is sexually dimorphic. It swells during the breeding season, contributing to the seminal fluid; its colour may also change dramatically and should not be misinterpreted as pathology.
 
  
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==Uric Acid==
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Most lizards have a '''urinary bladder''' where the urine may be modified. Urinalysis may therefore not indicate renal function. The bladder is present in most lizards and helps water retention. It connects to the cloaca by a short urethra. Reflux urine is concentrated.
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[[Uric acid|Uric acid]] is the main form of nitrogenous waste with lesser amounts of ammonia and urea depending on the species, the natural environment and degree of water conservation required. [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] is [[Lizard and Snake Excretion|excreted]] by tubular secretion rather than urea by glomerular filtration.
 
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==Bladder==
 
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Most lizards have a urinary bladder where the urine may be modified. Urinalysis may therefore not indicate renal function. A thin-walled bladder is present in most lizards and helps water retention. When absent, urine is stored in the distal colon. It connects to the cloaca by a short urethra which means that urine waste flows from the kidney through the ureter into the urodeum of the [[Cloaca|cloaca]] before entering the bladder (or colon for species lacking a bladder), resulting in non-sterile urine, unlike mammals.  
 
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Reflux urine is concentrated.
 
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* Water deprivation and diets containing excessive levels of protein can cause [[Lizard Cystic Calculi|cystic calculi]].
 
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==Literature Search==
 
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[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
 
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Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
 
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<br><br><br>
 
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[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093069451.pdf ''' Reptile and amphibian renal systems.''' Wyneken, J.; Mader, D.; Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, Chester Heights, USA, Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, 14th Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 14-18 April, 2007, 2007, pp 62-68, 13 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']
 
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==References==
 
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* Mader, D.R. (2005). ''Reptile Medicine and Surgery''. Saunders. pp. 1264. ISBN 072169327X
 
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[[Category:Lizard_Anatomy|U]]
 

Revision as of 21:01, 24 February 2010


 This article is still under construction.


The kidneys are metanephric in all species. In iguanas they lie within the pelvic canal on either side of the colon. Nephromegaly can result in obstruction of the colon.

Uric acid is the main form of nitrogenous waste with lesser amounts of ammonia and urea depending on the species, the natural environment and degree of water conservation required. Uric acid is excreted by tubular secretion rather than urea by glomerular filtration.

Most lizards have a urinary bladder where the urine may be modified. Urinalysis may therefore not indicate renal function. The bladder is present in most lizards and helps water retention. It connects to the cloaca by a short urethra. Reflux urine is concentrated.

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