Difference between revisions of "Oestrus ovis"

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*Also known as the sheep nasal bot fly
{{Taxobox
 
|name              = Oestrus ovis
 
|kingdom            = Animalia
 
|phylum            = [[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]]
 
|class              = [[Insecta]]
 
|sub-class          =
 
|order              = Diptera
 
|super-family      =
 
|family            = [[Oestridae]]
 
|sub-family        =
 
|genus              =
 
|species            =
 
}}
 
Also known as: '''''Sheep nasal bot fly
 
  
==Hosts==
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*Larvae parasitise the nasal chambers of sheep and goats
''Oestrus ovis'' is of the family [[Oestridae]], and is primarily seen in sheep and goats, but occasionally seen in ibex, camels and humans.
 
  
==Identification==
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*Found in most sheep rearing areas of the world
  
The adult fly is 13-15mm in length and grey in colour, with black spots along the abdomen.
 
  
Mature larvae are around 30mm and are yellow in colour. They have distinct black bands along the dorsal body segment.
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'''Recognition'''
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*13-15mm long
  
==Life cycle==
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*Grey colouring
The female is viviparous and infects the host by squirting larvae into the nostrils of sheep in a jet of liquid.
 
  
The larvae crawl caudally into the nasal cavity and feed on the nasal mucosa and mature, before returning to the nostrils. The larvae move to the frontal sinuses, where they transform from L2 to L3.  They only move to the frontal sinuses under warm conditions.  If these conditions are not achieved, the larvae will stay in the nostrils for an extended period of time, until the warm conditions come about.
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*Black spots on abdomen
  
The larvae are then sneezed out into the ground, and pupate on the ground.  The adults develop, and are active throughout the year.  Adult flies only live for 2-3 weeks
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*Clear wings
  
{{Learning
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*Larvae have distinct black bands on each body segment
|flashcards = [[Myiasis_Producing_Flies_Flashcards|Myiasis Producing Flies Flashcards]]
 
|videos = [[Oestrus ovis in the head of a sheep video|''Oestrus ovis'' in the head of a sheep video]]
 
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Oestrus+ovis%22%29 ''Oestrus ovis'' publications]
 
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis60301.asp Myiasis]
 
}}
 
  
  
{{review}}
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'''Life cycle'''
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*Larvae are squirted into the nostrils of sheep in a jet of liquid by the adult fly
  
{{OpenPages}}
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*The larvae crawl caudally into the nasal cavity and feed on the nasal mucosa and mature before returning to the nostrils
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*Larval development takes up to 2 months
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**Larvae can overwinter in the nasal cavity if deposited late in the summer
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*Once the larvae have developed they are sneezed out and pupate on the ground
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*The adult fly emerges 1 months later
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*Adult flies only live for 2-3 weeks
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Adult flies cause annoyance
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**Interrupts feeding
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**Leads to a decreased weight gain
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*Larvae cause nasal irritation, nasal discharge and sneezing
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**Irritate the nasal mucosa with oral hooks and spines causing a viscous exudate to be produced from which they feed
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**Heavy infestations lead to erosion of the bones in the sinuses (turbinate bones)
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**Penetration of the brain leads to '''false gid''' (high stepping gait and incoordination)
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*[[Respiratory Parasitic Infections - Pathology#Oestrus ovis|Pathology in the nasal cavity]]
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'''Control'''
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*Systemic [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticides]] can be used in heavy infestations
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*In warmer countries, strategic prophylactic treatment can be used
  
 
[[Category:Oestridae]]
 
[[Category:Oestridae]]
[[Category:Expert_Review - Parasites]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]][[Category:Sheep Parasites]][[Category:Goat Parasites]]
 

Revision as of 13:24, 5 April 2010

  • Also known as the sheep nasal bot fly
  • Larvae parasitise the nasal chambers of sheep and goats
  • Found in most sheep rearing areas of the world


Recognition

  • 13-15mm long
  • Grey colouring
  • Black spots on abdomen
  • Clear wings
  • Larvae have distinct black bands on each body segment


Life cycle

  • Larvae are squirted into the nostrils of sheep in a jet of liquid by the adult fly
  • The larvae crawl caudally into the nasal cavity and feed on the nasal mucosa and mature before returning to the nostrils
  • Larval development takes up to 2 months
    • Larvae can overwinter in the nasal cavity if deposited late in the summer
  • Once the larvae have developed they are sneezed out and pupate on the ground
  • The adult fly emerges 1 months later
  • Adult flies only live for 2-3 weeks


Pathogenesis

  • Adult flies cause annoyance
    • Interrupts feeding
    • Leads to a decreased weight gain
  • Larvae cause nasal irritation, nasal discharge and sneezing
    • Irritate the nasal mucosa with oral hooks and spines causing a viscous exudate to be produced from which they feed
    • Heavy infestations lead to erosion of the bones in the sinuses (turbinate bones)
    • Penetration of the brain leads to false gid (high stepping gait and incoordination)


Control

  • In warmer countries, strategic prophylactic treatment can be used