Difference between revisions of "Glossinidae"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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{|border="1" width="200px" align="right" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #A7C1F2; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
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{{Taxobox
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| Also known as:
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|name              = Glossinidae spp.
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| '''TseTse flies
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|kingdom            = Animalia
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|-
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|phylum            = [[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]]
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|}
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|class              = [[Insecta]]
 
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|sub-class          =
 
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|order              = Diptera
 
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|super-family      = Hippoboscoidea
 
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|family            = Glossinidae
 
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|sub-family        =
 
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|genus              = Glossina
 
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|species            =
 
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}}
 
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Also known as: '''''TseTse flies
 
  
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==Introduction==
 
  
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The only genus in the family ''Glossinidae'' is ''Glossina'', more commonly known as TseTse flies.  They are solely found in sub-Sahara Africa, and feed on the blood of vertebrates.
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*Only found in Africa
  
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[[Image:Glossinidae.jpg|150px|thumb|right|'''Glossinidae''' <br> Abb. aus Meyers Lexikon 1888, Wikimedia Commons)]]
 
  
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==Hosts==
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'''Recognition'''
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Various mammals, reptiles and birds.
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*6-13mm long
  
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==Identification==
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*Prominent forward pointing proboscis
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TseTse flies are 6-13mm in length, and have long, prominent forward pointing proboscis.  They have a green thorax, and a yellow/brown abdomen.  The wings contain a very characteristic 'butchers cleaver' shape.
 
  
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The larvae are a creamy white colour, and clearly segmented.
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*Green thorax
  
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==Life cycle==
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*Yellow/brown abdomen
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The females are viviparous, and only lay a single egg at a time.  The fertilized eggs are held in the oviduct, where they hatch into larvae.  The larvae develop, and when they are fully mature the larvae drop onto the ground.
 
  
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The larvae then form pupae.  This process takes several weeks, but can be considerably longer under cool conditions.  The pupae transform into adults around one month later.  The TseTse flies are blood feeders, and the females will require several good blood meals, before producing their first larva.
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*Specific wing venation
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**Closed cell 'butchers cleaver' shape
  
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The complete life cycle of the ''Glossina'' takes 2 months.
 
  
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{{Learning
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'''Life cycle'''
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Glossinidae&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=%22TseTse%22&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=43&y=18 Tse tse fly publications]
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*Single larvae laid in shrubs
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}}
 
  
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*Larvae wriggles into the soil to pupate
  
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{{review}}
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*Adult fly emerges 1 month later
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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*Life cycle take '''2 months''' to complete
  
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Painful, irritating bites
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**Both males and females suck blood
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*Transmit trypanosomes
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**Cause 'nagana' (wasting) disease in cattle and 'sleeping sickness' in humans
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'''Control'''
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*Scrub clearance to remove resting sites
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*Ground and aerial spraying with [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticides]]
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*Localised eradication using baited traps
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**Dark coloured cloth
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**Synthetic cattle urine
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**[[Ectoparasiticides|Insecticide]]
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*Sterile male insect release
  
 
[[Category:Biting_Flies]]
 
[[Category:Biting_Flies]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
 

Revision as of 23:17, 7 April 2010

Also known as: TseTse flies


  • Only found in Africa


Recognition

  • 6-13mm long
  • Prominent forward pointing proboscis
  • Green thorax
  • Yellow/brown abdomen
  • Specific wing venation
    • Closed cell 'butchers cleaver' shape


Life cycle

  • Single larvae laid in shrubs
  • Larvae wriggles into the soil to pupate
  • Adult fly emerges 1 month later
  • Life cycle take 2 months to complete


Pathogenesis

  • Painful, irritating bites
    • Both males and females suck blood
  • Transmit trypanosomes
    • Cause 'nagana' (wasting) disease in cattle and 'sleeping sickness' in humans


Control

  • Scrub clearance to remove resting sites
  • Localised eradication using baited traps
  • Sterile male insect release
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