Difference between revisions of "Coccidia"
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− | # | + | ==Introduction== |
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:Coccidia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Coccidia - Joel Mills]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The '''oocyst''' is the resistant stage in the environment | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The infective '''sporozoite''' is released from the oocyst | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Inside the host, the sporozoites invade the intestinal epithelial tissue | ||
+ | **Sporozoites feed and grow | ||
+ | |||
+ | *As the sporozoite grows the nucleus divides forming a '''schizont''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The schizont contains numerous elongated '''merozoites''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The formation of merozoites is the first asexual reproductive stage called '''schizogony''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The schizont ruptures releasing the merozoites which also invade the epithelial cells | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Another generation of schizonts form which is the beginning of the sexual phase of reproduction called '''gametogony''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The merozoites form male '''microgamonts''' or female '''macrogamonts''' | ||
+ | **Collectively known as gamonts or gametocytes | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The microgamonts released from the microgametocyte penetrate and fertilise the macrogamont (which is contained within the macrogametocyte) | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Gametogony forms the '''zygote''' | ||
+ | **Surrounded by a cyst wall | ||
+ | **Forms the '''oocyst''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The oocyst is passed in the faeces and is unsporulated | ||
+ | |||
+ | *The oocyst becomes sporulated in the second asexual reproductive phase called '''sporogony''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Once the oocyst is sporulated it is infective | ||
+ | |||
+ | <big> | ||
+ | '''[[Eimeria spp.|''Eimeria'' spp.]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Isospora spp.|''Isospora'' spp.]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidia - Poultry|Coccidia of Poultry]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Poultry]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Turkey|Coccidia of Turkeys]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Geese|Coccidia of Geese]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Duck|Coccidia of Ducks]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Game Birds|Coccidia of Game Birds]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Cattle|Coccidia of Cattle]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Sheep|Coccidia of Sheep]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Goat|Coccidia of Goats]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Horse|Coccidia of Horses]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Pig|Coccidia of Pigs]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''[[Coccidiosis - Dog|Coccidia of Dogs]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Coccidia of Cats== | ||
+ | [[Image:Coccidia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Coccidia in Cat Faeces - Joel Mills]] | ||
+ | [[Image:Isospora felis.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Isospora felis'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]] | ||
+ | *2 common ''Isospora'' species with little clinical significance | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Oocysts in faeces have to be distinguised from those of ''Toxoplasma'' (smaller) and ''Sarcocytis'' (sporulated or naked sporocyts in faeces) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Coccidia of Rabbits== | ||
+ | *3 pathogenic ''Eimeria'' species | ||
+ | **2 in the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]] | ||
+ | **1 in the bile duct | ||
+ | |||
+ | *''Eimeria steidae'' | ||
+ | **Parasitises the bile duct epithelium | ||
+ | **Travels via the bile duct to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] where it forms large white nodules | ||
+ | **Oocysts travel in the bile and are passed out in the faeces | ||
+ | **Causes ascites, [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]], weight loss and polyuria | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Serious disease of both pet and farmed rabbits | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Treatment is by administration of drugs in drinking water | ||
+ | **E.g. Toltrazuril | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Hygiene is the best method of prevention to prevent sporocysts from sporulating | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Medicated feed can be used in commercial units | ||
+ | **E.g. Rabenidine | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==[[Protozoa Flashcards - Wikibugs#Coccidia|Coccidia Flashcards]]== | ||
+ | [[Category:Coccidia]] |
Revision as of 22:04, 8 April 2010
Introduction
- The oocyst is the resistant stage in the environment
- The infective sporozoite is released from the oocyst
- Inside the host, the sporozoites invade the intestinal epithelial tissue
- Sporozoites feed and grow
- As the sporozoite grows the nucleus divides forming a schizont
- The schizont contains numerous elongated merozoites
- The formation of merozoites is the first asexual reproductive stage called schizogony
- The schizont ruptures releasing the merozoites which also invade the epithelial cells
- Another generation of schizonts form which is the beginning of the sexual phase of reproduction called gametogony
- The merozoites form male microgamonts or female macrogamonts
- Collectively known as gamonts or gametocytes
- The microgamonts released from the microgametocyte penetrate and fertilise the macrogamont (which is contained within the macrogametocyte)
- Gametogony forms the zygote
- Surrounded by a cyst wall
- Forms the oocyst
- The oocyst is passed in the faeces and is unsporulated
- The oocyst becomes sporulated in the second asexual reproductive phase called sporogony
- Once the oocyst is sporulated it is infective
Coccidia of Cats
- 2 common Isospora species with little clinical significance
- Oocysts in faeces have to be distinguised from those of Toxoplasma (smaller) and Sarcocytis (sporulated or naked sporocyts in faeces)
Coccidia of Rabbits
- 3 pathogenic Eimeria species
- 2 in the caecum
- 1 in the bile duct
- Eimeria steidae
- Serious disease of both pet and farmed rabbits
- Treatment is by administration of drugs in drinking water
- E.g. Toltrazuril
- Hygiene is the best method of prevention to prevent sporocysts from sporulating
- Medicated feed can be used in commercial units
- E.g. Rabenidine