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| − | {{Taxobox
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| − | |name =''Ancylostoma caninum
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| − | |kingdom =Animalia
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| − | |phylum =[[Nematodes|Nematoda]]
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| − | |class =Secernentea
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| − | |sub-class =
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| − | |order =Strongylida
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| − | |super-family =[[Ancylostomatoidea]]
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| − | |family =Ancylostomatidae
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| − | |sub-family =
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| − | |genus =Ancylostoma
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| − | |species =''A. caninum''
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| − | }}
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| − | ==Description==
| + | [[Ancylostomatoidea|Hook worm]] |
| − | [[File:Hookworms.jpg|thumb|Image of ''Ancylostoma caninum''<br><small>Copyright Joel Mills 2006 Wikimedia Commons]]</small> | + | ''Ancylostoma caninum'' is found rarely in Britain, but is a major pathogen of dogs in many warmer regions of the world. It may be brought into the UK with dogs entering from abroad. ''A. caninum'' is an avid blood-sucker, so heavy infections lead to severe anaemia, especially in unweaned pups. |
| − | ''Ancylostoma caninum'' is a hookworm that belongs to the superfamily [[:Category:Ancylostomatoidea|Ancylostomatoidea]]. This superfamily contains exotic hookworms that infect both man and animals. ''A. caninum'' is rarely found in the UK but it is a major pathogen of dogs in many warmer and tropical regions of the world and it may be encountered in dogs that have travelled under the Pet Travel Scheme. The [[Ancylostomatoidea Life-Cycle|life-cycle of ''Ancylostoma caninum'']] is detailed elsewhere but it should be noted that L3 larvae of this species mainly enter by the transcutaneous route so that intestinal disease and blood loss are mainly seen in younger animals. | |
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| − | ==Identification==
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| − | [[File:Hookworm egg 1.jpg|thumb|Image of an egg of ''Ancylostoma caninum''<br><small>Copyright Joel Mills 2006 Wikimedia Commons]]</small>
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| − | ''A. caninum'' may be recognised on examination under a microscope by its large buccal cavity which contain three pairs of teeth along its anterior and ventral edges. Two smaller teeth are also present at the base of the cavity.
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| − | Like almost all hookworm eggs, those of ''A. caninum'' are oval in shape and around 50 um in diameter. The shell membrane is thin and transparent and, by the time the egg is passed in the faeces, it contains a segmented ovum at the 4 or 8 cell stage. In a tropical climate, the egg will hatch within 24 hours and only L1 larvae will then be detectable.
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| − | ==Pathogenesis==
| + | Key features of hookworms of the dog: |
| − | ''A. caninum'' may cause disease in the following ways:
| + | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1" |
| − | *The adult ''A. caninum'' is an avid blood-sucker, removing up to 0.1 ml of blood from the small intestinal wall every day. Heavy infections may occur when puppies ingest large numbers of L3 larvae from the milk of an infected dam or if they are exposed to a heavily contaminated environment and affected animals may show severe clinical signs, including:
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| − | **'''Severe acute anaemia''' which may occur in the prepatent period (before eggs are present in the faeces).
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| − | **'''Chronic anaemia''' that results in depletion of iron reserves, especially in older puppies.
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| − | **Severely affected animals may show '''poor growth''' and '''body condition'''.
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| − | *All hookworms may cause [[Hookworm Dermatosis|'''dermatitis''']], particularly in older animals which have developed some local cutaneous immunity and are able to kill invading larvae in the skin.
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| − | ==Control==
| + | !'''''Ancylostoma caninum''''' |
| − | Most conventional anthelmintic products licensed for use in dogs and cats (such as praziquantel and pyrantel) will clear infection by hookworms and it is a requirement of the Pet Travel Scheme that animals returning to the UK are treated with praziquantel 24-48 hours before entering the UK.
| + | !'''''Uncinaria stenocephala''''' |
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| − | ==Zoonotic Potential==
| + | |- |
| − | Hookworms are able to cause a disease called [[Cutaneous Larva Migrans]] in humans.
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| | + | *Warm and hot climates |
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| − | {{Learning
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| − | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=title%3A%28%22Ancylostoma+caninum%22%29&occuring1=freetext&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=48&y=10 ''Ancylostoma caninum'' publications since 2000]
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| − | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=nematode Nematoda]
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| − | }}
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| − | {{review}}
| + | *Avid blood sucker → anaemia |
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| − | ==Webinars==
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| − | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/parasitology/webinars/feed</rss>
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| − | [[Category:Ancylostomatoidea|C]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]]
| + | *Teeth around mouth |
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| − | [[Category:Expert_Review]] | + | |
| | + | *Infection mostly percutaneous |
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| | + | *Causes pedal dermatitis |
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| | + | *Transmammary infection |
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| | + | *Cool and cold climates |
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| | + | *Protein leak → diarrhoea |
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| | + | *Cutting plates |
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| | + | *Infection mainly by mouth |
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| | + | *Causes pedal dermatitis |
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| | + | *No vertical transmission |
| | + | |} |
| | + | [[Category:Ancylostomatoidea]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]] |