Difference between revisions of "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides"

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===[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)|Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia]]===
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Also known as: '''''M. mycoides
 
  
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Causes '''''Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia — CBPP
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*[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)|Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia]] is caused by ''M. mycoides'' subsp. ''mycoides'' small colony type
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{{Taxobox
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*A severe contagious disease of cattle
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|name = ''Mycoplasma mycoides''
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*Endemic in Africa, the Middle East and Asia
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|phylum = Firmicutes
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*Aerosol transmission by close contact with clinically or subclinically affected animals
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|class = Mollicutes
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*Severity depends on strain and host susceptibility
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|order = Mycoplasmatales
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*Slow spread of infection
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|family = Mycoplasmataceae
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*50% morbidity; mortality rate high in severe outbreaks
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|genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]]
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*Large colony type causes pleuropneumonia, mastitis, septicaemia and polyarthritis
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|species = ''M.mycoides''
 
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}}
 
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== Introduction  ==
 
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[[Image:Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<small><center>Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
 
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''M.mycoides'' is a species of the ''[[Mycoplasmas species - Overview|Mycoplasmas]]'' genus. The subsp. ''mycoides'' causes Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe contagious respiratory disease of cattle that is endemic in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. It is notifiable in the UK and many other countries and has not been seen here for many years. It is transmitted by close contact with clinically or subclinically affected animals and severity depends on strain and host susceptibility. There is usually around 50% morbidity and high mortality rate in severe outbreaks.
 
  
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== Clinical Signs  ==
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*Clinical signs
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**Acute onset fever, anorexia, depression, lowered milk yield, hyperpnoea, coughing and a mucopurulent nasal discharge
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**Dyspnoea occurs with abducted elbows and extended necks and an expiratory grunt
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**Can be fatal within 1-3 weeks
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**Calves may suffer from [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|arthritis]], synovitis and endocarditis
  
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Clinical signs include an acute onset fever, anorexia, depression, lowered milk yield, hyperpnoea, coughing and a mucopurulent nasal discharge, which all occur suddenly. Dyspnoea occurs with abducted elbows and extended necks and an expiratory grunt. The disease can be fatal within 1-3 weeks.
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*Gross pathology
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**Marbled appearance to lungs with consolidated grey and red lobules separated by emphysematous areas
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**Serofibrinous pleural fluid
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**Necrotic foci surrounded by fibrous capsules in chronic cases act as source of infection
  
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Calves may suffer from [[Infectious Arthritis#In_Cattle|arthritis]], synovitis and [[Endocarditis|endocarditis]], but are most commonly seen as sudden death.
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*Diagnosis
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**Clinical signs and post-mortem appearance
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**PCR on pleural fluid, lung tissue, regional lymph nodes or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
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**Fluorescent antibody test
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**Serological tests such as serum agglutination, haemagglutination, complement fixation, ELISA
  
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== Diagnosis  ==
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*Treatment and control
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**Slaughter of affected cattle in counries where the disease is exotic
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Clinical signs and history to suspect diagnosis but definitive diagnosis should be achieved by post mortem examination. Signs at necropsy will include marbled appearance to lungs with consolidated grey and red lobules separated by emphysematous areas, serofibrinous pleural fluid and necrotic foci surrounded by fibrous capsules (in chronic cases acting as source of infection).
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**Movement restrictions, quaranteen and slaughter of carrier animals in endemic countries
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**Vaccination in endemic regions[[Category:Mycoplasmas]][[Category:Cattle]]
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A PCR on pleural fluid, lung tissue, regional lymph nodes or bronchoalveolar lavage of fluids is useful, as is fluorescent antibody test or serological tests such as serum agglutination, haemagglutination, complement fixation and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]. Due to the rarity of the disease in developed countries, the best diagnostic tool is not known.
 
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== Treatment and Control  ==
 
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Slaughter of affected cattle in countries where the disease is exotic is necessary by law. Movement restrictions, quarantine and slaughter of carrier animals in endemic countries is required. Vaccination has been used in endemic regions.
 
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{{Learning
 
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Mycoplasma+mycoides%22%29 ''Mycoplasma mycoides'' publications]
 
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}}
 
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== References ==
 
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Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) Bovine Medicine (Second edition), Blackwell Publishing
 
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Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses Elsevier Health Sciences
 
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{{review}}
 
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{{OpenPages}}
 
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[[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]
 
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[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]
 
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[[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
 

Revision as of 11:38, 14 May 2010

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is caused by M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type
  • A severe contagious disease of cattle
  • Endemic in Africa, the Middle East and Asia
  • Aerosol transmission by close contact with clinically or subclinically affected animals
  • Severity depends on strain and host susceptibility
  • Slow spread of infection
  • 50% morbidity; mortality rate high in severe outbreaks
  • Large colony type causes pleuropneumonia, mastitis, septicaemia and polyarthritis
  • Clinical signs
    • Acute onset fever, anorexia, depression, lowered milk yield, hyperpnoea, coughing and a mucopurulent nasal discharge
    • Dyspnoea occurs with abducted elbows and extended necks and an expiratory grunt
    • Can be fatal within 1-3 weeks
    • Calves may suffer from arthritis, synovitis and endocarditis
  • Gross pathology
    • Marbled appearance to lungs with consolidated grey and red lobules separated by emphysematous areas
    • Serofibrinous pleural fluid
    • Necrotic foci surrounded by fibrous capsules in chronic cases act as source of infection
  • Diagnosis
    • Clinical signs and post-mortem appearance
    • PCR on pleural fluid, lung tissue, regional lymph nodes or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    • Fluorescent antibody test
    • Serological tests such as serum agglutination, haemagglutination, complement fixation, ELISA
  • Treatment and control
    • Slaughter of affected cattle in counries where the disease is exotic
    • Movement restrictions, quaranteen and slaughter of carrier animals in endemic countries
    • Vaccination in endemic regions
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