Difference between revisions of "Borrelia burgdorferi"

Revision as of 22:30, 14 May 2010

Lyme disease
- Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi
- Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep
- Ticks are the vector, which acquire the infection from small rodents, the reservoir hosts
- Ticks transmit the infection to large mammals such as deer and sheep
- Ixodes ricinus is the most common tick vector in Europe
- Pathogenesis
  - Virulence of the borreliae requires a change in expression of an outer membrane protein following ingestion of blood by the tick
  - Borreliae multiply in the blood stream of susceptible hosts and disseminate throughout the body
  - Localisation in joints, brain, nerves, eyes and heart can occur
  - The associated lesions may be in part caused by the host immune response
- CLinical signs
  - May be subclinical in endemic areas
  - Clinical manifestation depends on the site of localisation of organisms
  - Disease in dogs may cause fever, lethargy, arthritis, cardiac, renal or neurological disturbance
  - Horses suffer similar clinical signs but also lameness, uveitis, nephritis, hepatitis and encephalitis
  - Cattle and sheep may suffer from lameness
- Diagnosis
  - Laboratory confirmation difficult due to low numbers of organisms and fastidious growth requirements
  - History of exposure to ticks in an endemic region and clinical signs
  - Rising antibody titre to Borrelia burgdorferi detected by ELISA
  - Immunofluorescence
  - Culture in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium for 6 weeks under microaerophilic conditions
  - PCR
- Treatment and control
  - Amoxycillin and oxytetracycline in the acute phase; prolonged treatment in the chronic phase
  - Tick control and removal
  - Vaccines including whole cell bacterins and recombinant subunit vaccines available for dogs

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{OpenPagesTop}}
+*Lyme disease
-{{Taxobox
+**Caused by ''Borrelia burgdorferi''
-|name               =''Borrelia burgdorferi''
+**Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep
-|phylum             =Spirochaetes
+**Ticks are the vector, which acquire the infection from small rodents, the reservoir hosts
-|class              =Spirochaetes
+**Ticks transmit the infection to large mammals such as deer and sheep
-|order              =Spirochaetales
+**''Ixodes ricinus'' is the most common tick vector in Europe
-|family             =Spirochaetaceae
+**Pathogenesis
-|genus              =Borrelia
+***Virulence of the borreliae requires a change in expression of an outer membrane protein following ingestion of blood by the tick
-|species            =''B. burgdorferi''
+***Borreliae multiply in the blood stream of susceptible hosts and disseminate throughout the body
-}}
+***Localisation in joints, brain, nerves, eyes and heart can occur
-==Introduction==
+***The associated lesions may be in part caused by the host immune response
-[[File:Borrelia b.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> ''Borrelia burgdorferi''. (CDC 1993, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]]
+**CLinical signs
-''Borrelia burgdorferi'' is a species of [[Borrelia species - Overview|''Borrelia'' bacteria]]. ''Borrelia'' species are longer, wider, helical [[Spirochaetes species - Overview|spirochaetes]].
+***May be subclinical in endemic areas
+***Clinical manifestation depends on the site of localisation of organisms
+***Disease in dogs may cause fever, lethargy, arthritis, cardiac, renal or neurological disturbance
+***Horses suffer similar clinical signs but also lameness, uveitis, nephritis, hepatitis and encephalitis
+***Cattle and sheep may suffer from lameness
+**Diagnosis
+***Laboratory confirmation difficult due to low numbers of organisms and fastidious growth requirements
+***History of exposure to ticks in an endemic region and clinical signs
+***Rising antibody titre to ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' detected by ELISA
+***Immunofluorescence
+***Culture in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium for 6 weeks under microaerophilic conditions
+***PCR
+**Treatment and control
+***Amoxycillin and oxytetracycline in the acute phase; prolonged treatment in the chronic phase
+***Tick control and removal
+***Vaccines including whole cell bacterins and recombinant subunit vaccines available for dogs
-The ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' sensu lato complex is the cause of '''[[Lyme Disease]]'''. In the USA it is the ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' sensu stricto that is the most common cause of canine Lyme disease.
+[[Category:Borrelia species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Horse]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]]
-The bacteria are reported to infect humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep.
-Bacteria may be cultured in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium after 6 weeks under microaerophilic conditions. The best samples for culture are skin samples from near to the site of tick attachment (as the bacteria remain within the local connective tissues) but the test is not sensitive as the bacteria will be present in low numbers.
-Ticks are the vector for [[Lyme Disease]], in particular, ''[[Ixodes spp.]]''.
-{{Learning
-|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Borrelia+burgdorferi%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=46&y=10 ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' publications since 2000]
-}}
-{{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
-[[Category:Borrelia species]][[Category:Dog Bacteria]][[Category:Horse Bacteria]][[Category:Cattle Bacteria]][[Category:Sheep Bacteria]]
-[[Category:Expert Review - Bacteria]]

Difference between revisions of "Borrelia burgdorferi"

Revision as of 22:30, 14 May 2010

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