Difference between revisions of "Equine Arteritis Virus"
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| + | ====Antigenicity==== | ||
| + | *Most cases are subclinical and only '''antibody positive''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Hosts==== | ||
| + | *More common in '''thoroughbreds''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Pathogenesis==== | ||
| + | *Infects nasopharynx and spreads locally, causing: | ||
| + | **Dypsnoea | ||
| + | **Coughing | ||
| + | **Diarrhoea | ||
| + | **Colic | ||
| + | *Spread to lymphoid tissue leads to '''leukopenia''' and '''immunosuppression''' | ||
| + | *Typical '''medial necrosis of arteries''' causing: | ||
| + | **Hemorrhage | ||
| + | **Abortions occur after 10-30 days in 50% of pregnant mares (as opposed to Equine Herpes, which shows late abortions) | ||
| + | **Oedema - particularly ocular, giving rise to "pink eye" | ||
| + | *Other clinical signs include: | ||
| + | **Pyrexia | ||
| + | **Nettle rashes | ||
| + | **Ocular and nasal discharge | ||
| + | **Swelling of legs or scrotum | ||
| + | **Stiffness of gait | ||
| + | *'''Foal death''' caused by '''interstitial pneumonia''' | ||
| + | *Stallions become intermittent or persistent '''shedders''' from [[Male Reproductive Tract -Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] but may show no clinical signs | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ====Epidemiology==== | ||
| + | *Controlled virus in the UK but AI and breeding schemes presents a real risk | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Diagnosis==== | ||
| + | *Clinical symptoms, but may be variable | ||
| + | *'''PCR''' on '''semen''' | ||
| + | *'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Control==== | ||
| + | *'''Vaccines''': | ||
| + | **Stallions: '''Live attenuated''' | ||
| + | **Mares: '''Killed whole virus''' | ||
| + | *Clinical disease is '''NOTIFIABLE''' | ||
| + | **Seropositive stallions restricted from teasing, mating or AI unless PCR tested negative | ||
| + | **Persistent shedders should be castrated | ||
| + | *Serology on imported horses | ||
| + | *Mares tested within 4 weeks of mating | ||
| + | *In an outbreak, isolate and restrict movement until antibody-negative for one month | ||
| + | [[Category:Arteriviridae]][[Category:Horse]] | ||
Revision as of 17:51, 18 May 2010
 |
This article is still under construction. |
Antigenicity
- Most cases are subclinical and only antibody positive
Hosts
- More common in thoroughbreds
Pathogenesis
- Infects nasopharynx and spreads locally, causing:
- Dypsnoea
- Coughing
- Diarrhoea
- Colic
- Spread to lymphoid tissue leads to leukopenia and immunosuppression
- Typical medial necrosis of arteries causing:
- Hemorrhage
- Abortions occur after 10-30 days in 50% of pregnant mares (as opposed to Equine Herpes, which shows late abortions)
- Oedema - particularly ocular, giving rise to "pink eye"
- Other clinical signs include:
- Pyrexia
- Nettle rashes
- Ocular and nasal discharge
- Swelling of legs or scrotum
- Stiffness of gait
- Foal death caused by interstitial pneumonia
- Stallions become intermittent or persistent shedders from accessory sex glands but may show no clinical signs
Epidemiology
- Controlled virus in the UK but AI and breeding schemes presents a real risk
Diagnosis
- Clinical symptoms, but may be variable
- PCR on semen
- ELISA for serum antibody
Control
- Vaccines:
- Stallions: Live attenuated
- Mares: Killed whole virus
- Clinical disease is NOTIFIABLE
- Seropositive stallions restricted from teasing, mating or AI unless PCR tested negative
- Persistent shedders should be castrated
- Serology on imported horses
- Mares tested within 4 weeks of mating
- In an outbreak, isolate and restrict movement until antibody-negative for one month