Difference between revisions of "Balantidium"

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{{OpenPagesTop}}
 
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{{Taxobox
 
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|name              =''Balantidium''
 
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|phylum            =Ciliophora
 
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|class              =Litostomatea
 
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|order              =Vestibuliferida
 
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|family            =Balantiididae
 
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|genus              =Balantidium
 
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}}
 
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[[Image:Balantidium pig.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Balantidium'' from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 
[[Image:Balantidium pig.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Balantidium'' from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 
[[Image:Balantidium pig trophozoite.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Balantidium'' trophozoite from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 
[[Image:Balantidium pig trophozoite.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Balantidium'' trophozoite from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
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[[Image:Balanditium.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Balantidium coli - trofozoite and cyst - Wikimedia Commons]]
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*Ciliate protozoan found as a commensal in the lumen of the [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]]
  
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*Infects pigs and other animals
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**Including humans
  
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''Balantidium'' is a ciliate [[:Category:Protozoa|protozoan]] found as a commensal in the lumen of the [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]]. It infects pigs and other animals, including humans. It is the only ciliate known to be pathogenic.
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'''Recognition'''
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*Ciliate
  
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==Identification==
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*80μm long
  
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''Balantidium'' can be identified by their ciliary organelles on their surface membrances. They are 80μm long and have funnel-shaped depressions leading to the '''cytostome''' (mouth). ''Balantidium'' has two nuclei, one kidney shaped macronucleus and one small micronucleus. ''Balantidium'' also has contractile and food vacuoles, which is rare in parasitic protozoa.
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*Funnel-shaped depressions leading to the cytostome (mouth)
  
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==Life Cycle==
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*Kidney shaped macronucleus
  
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The host ingests a '''cyst''' which passes to the small intestine and undergoes encystation to produces '''trophozoites'''. The trophozoites remain in the intestinal lumen and reproduce by binary fission. They are then released with the faeces and encyst to form new cysts. The cysts are thick-walled, ensuring infection of a new host.
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*Small micronucleus
  
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==Pathogenesis==
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*Contractile and food vacuoles
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Pigs are common resevoirs of ''Balantidium coli''. It is usually found as a commensal, but may cause ulceration and dysentery if the intestinal mucosa is damaged already as the parasite will become invasive. Infected pigs shed vast numbers of cysts in their faeces.
 
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Human infection can occur via consuming contaminated foodstuffs and contact with infected pig faeces. It causes ulceration and dysentery.
 
  
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'''Life Cycle'''
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*Reproduce by binary fission
  
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==Important Species==
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*Thick-walled cysts pass out with faeces
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*''B.coli''
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**Ensure infection of a new host
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:This species is the cause of [[Balantidiasis]], which is pathogenic in humans.
 
  
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Pigs
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**Usually commensal
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**May cause ulceration and dysentery if the intestinal mucosa is damaged already as parasite will become invasive
  
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{{Learning
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*Man
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|flashcards = [[Protozoa_Flashcards#Other_Important_Protozoa|Protozoa Flashcards]]
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**Causes ulceration and dysentery
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|literature search =[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Balantidium&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=33&y=9&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Balantidium'' publications]
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**Infection via consuming contaminated foodstuffs and contact with infected pig faeces
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}}
 
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==References==
 
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Melhorn, H.  Encyclopedia Reference of Parasitology.  Second Edition.  Spring, 2001.  Volume I
 
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{{review}}
 
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{{OpenPages}}
 
  
 
[[Category:Miscellaneous Protozoa]]
 
[[Category:Miscellaneous Protozoa]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
 

Revision as of 19:05, 18 May 2010

Balantidium from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Balantidium trophozoite from a pig - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
File:Balanditium.jpg
Balantidium coli - trofozoite and cyst - Wikimedia Commons
  • Infects pigs and other animals
    • Including humans

Recognition

  • Ciliate
  • 80μm long
  • Funnel-shaped depressions leading to the cytostome (mouth)
  • Kidney shaped macronucleus
  • Small micronucleus
  • Contractile and food vacuoles

Life Cycle

  • Reproduce by binary fission
  • Thick-walled cysts pass out with faeces
    • Ensure infection of a new host

Pathogenesis

  • Pigs
    • Usually commensal
    • May cause ulceration and dysentery if the intestinal mucosa is damaged already as parasite will become invasive
  • Man
    • Causes ulceration and dysentery
    • Infection via consuming contaminated foodstuffs and contact with infected pig faeces
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