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| Also known as IBR | | Also known as IBR |
| Caused by:[[Bovine Herpesvirus 1]] | | Caused by:[[Bovine Herpesvirus 1]] |
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| *IPV has mostly been made obsolete by AI | | *IPV has mostly been made obsolete by AI |
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| + | [[Image:IBR nasal cavity.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>IBR in nasal cavity (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] |
| + | [[Image:IBR trachea.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>IBR in trachea (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] |
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| + | *URT infection with serous nasal discharge, increases respiratory rate, coughing and moderate fever,from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles |
| + | *[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|Rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pharyngitis|pharyngitis]], [[Larynx Inflammatory - Pathology|laryngitis]], [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology|tracheitis]], [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology|bronchiolitis]] |
| + | *Morbidity is high, mortality is low |
| + | *Highly infectious URT disease of cattle |
| + | *Spread by movement of animals, aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals |
| + | *Early stages (only first few days) may show [[Degenerations and Infiltrations - Pathology#Cellular Inclusions|intracellular inclusions]] in the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells |
| + | *Leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent |
| + | *With secondary bacterial infection (eg: [[:Category:Pasteurella and Mannheimia species|Pasturella spp.]], [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma spp.]], [[Fusobacterium|Fusobacterium necrophorum]]) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Aspiration pneumonia|inhalation pneumonia]]... death |
| + | *Underlying hyperaemic inflammatory response |
| + | *Can become latent following primary infection |
| + | *Clinical signs:nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate |
| + | *Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the [[Oesophagus - Pathology#Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology|oesophagus]] and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection |
| + | *Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation |
| + | *May contribute to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]] |
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| [[Category:Cattle]] | | [[Category:Cattle]] |