Difference between revisions of "Canine Parvovirus"

Revision as of 11:20, 23 May 2010

Antigenicity

2 Canine Viruses:
- Canine Parvovirus 1 (CPV1): avirulent, ubiquitous in canine population
- Canine Parvovirus 2 (CPV2): new virus emerged in the late 1970's
Antigenic variants occur

Hosts

Dogs
CPV 2a/2b can cause disease in cats

Pathogenesis

Oropharyngeal infection followed by viremia
2 distinct syndromes:

Myocarditis in puppies aged 3-8 weeks
- Virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium
- Sudden death, fading puppy syndrome
- Now rare due to widespread passive immunity
Enteritis in puppies >8 weeks of age
- Virus targets intestinal crypts
- Villi shorten, then destruction of cypt cells
- Gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or hemorrhagic enteritis
- High morbidity, low mortality (10%)

Epidemiology

Orofecal transmission
Host range is controlled by only a few amino acids

Diagnosis

HA or ELISA for virus

Control

Vaccination, usually in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks.
Thorough disinfection after disease

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
+{{unfinished}}
-== Introduction ==
-Until 1978 Parvovirus enteritis was totally unknown in dogs - it was first seen in dogs in Australia where it appeared very similar but perhaps slightly worse than the [[Feline Panleucopenia|disease seen in the cat]]. Research revealed a new and distinct disease, but the virus is very closely related to the feline virus; viral DNA is 98% homologous to the feline virus. Clinically, the virus causes enteritis mainly affecting the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] in young dogs over 6 weeks old and [[Myocarditis|myocarditis]] in puppies. The virus is transmitted orally. Vaccines are very effective, but the virus is hardy and survives for a protracted time in the environment.
+====Antigenicity====
+*2 Canine Viruses:
+**Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent, ubiquitous in canine population
+**Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): new virus emerged in the late 1970's
+*Antigenic variants occur
+====Hosts====
+*Dogs
+*CPV 2a/2b can cause disease in cats
-== Antigenicity ==
+====Pathogenesis====
+*Oropharyngeal infection followed by '''viremia'''
+*2 distinct syndromes:
+#'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks
+#*Virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium
+#*Sudden death, '''fading puppy''' syndrome
+#*Now rare due to widespread passive immunity
+#'''Enteritis''' in puppies >8 weeks of age
+#*Virus targets intestinal crypts
+#*Villi shorten, then destruction of cypt cells
+#*Gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or hemorrhagic enteritis
+#*High morbidity, low mortality (10%)
-Two canine viruses have been identified, these are:
+====Epidemiology====
-*Canine Parvovirus 1 ('''CPV1'''): avirulent and ubiquitous in the canine population
+*'''Orofecal''' transmission
-*Canine Parvovirus 2 ('''CPV2'''): a new virus that emerged in the late 1970's. Antigenic variants do naturally occur.
+*Host range is controlled by only a few amino acids
-== Pathogenesis ==
+====Diagnosis====
+*HA or ELISA for virus
-Oropharyngeal infection is followed by '''viraemia'''. Subsequently there are two distinct syndromes depending on the age of the animal:
+====Control====
+*Vaccination, usually in combination with distemper and hepatitis. With first vaccination at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks.
-#'''Myocarditis''' in puppies aged 3-8 weeks - the virus targets rapidly dividing myocardium leading to sudden death, or '''fading puppy''' syndrome. This is now rare due to widespread passive immunity.
+*Thorough disinfection after disease
-#'''Enteritis''' in puppies 6 weeks of age. The virus targets intestinal crypts, causing the villi to shorten and the destruction of crypt cells, leading to gray, persistent, foul-smelling diarrhoea or [[Gastroenteritis, Haemorrhagic|hemorrhagic enteritis]]. CPV has a high morbidity but low mortality (10%) rate.
+[[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Dog]]
-== Diagnosis ==
-Often the clinical signs plus history, signalment and lack of vaccination is very indicative of the virus. [[Agglutination|Haemagglutination]] or [[ELISA testing|ELISA]] should be performed to confirm viral infection. Viral antigen can be detected in the faeces by the red cell agglutination test. [[Immunofluorescence]] and serology can also be used to diagnose this disease.
-== Treatment and Control ==
-In an outbreak, affected dogs need to be kept isolated. Supportive care needs to be given such as intravenous [[:Category:Fluid Therapy|fluid therapy]]. [[Antibiotics]] are sometimes given to protect against or treat any secondary bacterial infections that may ensue.
-Vaccination is widely available and is recommended for puppies. The vaccine is given in combination with [[Distemper]], [[Infectious Canine Hepatitis|Hepatitis]] and [[Canine Parainfluenza - 2|Parainfluenza viruses]]. First vaccine is given at 8-10 weeks and the second vaccination two weeks after the first, 10-12 weeks of age. Earlier vaccinations can be given where breeders are known to have CPV on the premises.
-{{Learning
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Bug/bug00213.asp, Canine parvovirus]<br>
-[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis01005.asp, CPV 1 - disease]<br>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis01007.asp, CPV 2 - disease)
-|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093115250.pdf '''Canine parvovirus: an emerging, re-emerging, significant pathogen of dogs.''' Kapil, S.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 650-651, 3 ref.]
-}}
-== References ==
-Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2 (Fifth Edition) W.B. Saunders Company
-Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier.
-Tilley, L.P. and Smith, F.W.K.(2004)The 5-minute Veterinary Consult (Third edition) Lippincott, Williams &amp; Wilkins.
-{{review}}
-{{OpenPages}}
-[[Category:Parvoviridae]] [[Category:Cardiovascular_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Enteritis, Viral]][[Category:Expert_Review]]

Difference between revisions of "Canine Parvovirus"

Revision as of 11:20, 23 May 2010

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Antigenicity

Hosts

Pathogenesis

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Control

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