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| − | {{review}}
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| − | | + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Pancreas - Pathology]] |
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| − | ==[[Pancreas, Endoscrine - Degenerative Pathology]]==
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| − | ==Neoplasia==
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| − | [[Image:Islet cell tumour.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Islet cell tumour (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | ===Insulin secreting neoplasms===
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| − | *Adenomas and carcinomas deerived from beta cells
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| − | *Respond rapidly to iv glucose
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| − | *Can be identified by immunocytochemical means
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| − | *Dogs 5-12 years of age most commonly affected
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| − | *Older cattle, associated with periodic convulsions
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| − | ====Clinical signs====
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| − | *Hyperinsulinism
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| − | *Hypoglycaemia - often episodic
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| − | **Neurologic signs - stupor, confusion, coma, seizures, peripheral neuropathy may also develop
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| − | ===Adenomas (insulinomas)===
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| − | *Usually single, or less often multiple, small (1-3cm) spherical nodule, yellow to dark red, in one or more lobes
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| − | *Thin layer of fibrous tissue separates normal parenchyma
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| − | *Small islets of acinar tissue are sometimes present within the neoplasm
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| − | *Well differentiated cells
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| − | ===Carcinomas===
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| − | *Larger than adenomas
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| − | *Multilobular
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| − | *Invasive into parenchyma and surrounding tissue
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| − | *Metastasis into [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]], [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] mesentery, omentum
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| − | *Few mitotic figures
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| − | ===Gastrinoma===
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| − | [http://w3.vet.cornell.edu/nst/nst.asp?Fun=Image&imgID=7762 Image of pancreatic garstrinoma in a dog from Cornell Veterinary Medicine]
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| − | *Described in dogs, cats
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| − | *Known as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in humans
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| − | *Uncommon compared to beta cell neoplasms
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| − | *Excess gastrin causes hyperacidity in the stomach and mucosal hyperplasia of the antral region causing gastric and [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenal]] ulceration
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| − | ====Clinical signs====
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| − | *Anorexia
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| − | *Severe weight loss
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| − | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]]
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| − | *[[Diarrhoea]]
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| − | *Dehydration
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| − | ====Pathology====
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| − | *Multiple variably sized neoplasms
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| − | *Increased connective tissue mass - firm
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| − | *Partiallty encapsulated
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| − | *Invade locally
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| − | *Metastases to [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and local lymph nodes are common
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| − | ===Glucagonoma===
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| − | *Very rare
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| − | *Characterised by
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| − | **Hyperglycaemia
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| − | **Vacuolar hepatopathy
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| − | **Skin erythema with superficial necrotising dermatitis
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| − | *Diagnosis in dogs is difficult as presents together with [[DM|DM]]
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| − | <br>
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