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| + | ===[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|Enzootic pneumonia of pigs]]=== |
| − | {{Taxobox
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| − | |name = ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''
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| − | |phylum = Firmicutes
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| − | |class = Mollicutes
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| − | |order = Mycoplasmatales
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| − | |family = Mycoplasmataceae
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| − | |genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]]
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| − | |species = ''M.hyopneumoniae''
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| − | }}
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| − | ==Introduction==
| + | *[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|Enzootic pneumonia of pigs]] caused by ''M. hyopneumoniae'' |
| − | '''''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''''' is a very '''small, gram positive [[Bacteria|bacterial]] pathogen.''' It is round in shape and stores its DNA in a nucleolus and in fibrillar cytoplasmic material.
| + | *Occur in unfavourable conditions with poor ventilation, overcrowding and temperature fluctuations |
| − | | + | *Stunted growth rates, coughing and occasionally respiratory distress |
| − | Culture of ''M. hyopneumoniae'' is difficult and time-consuming and requires specialised media. It grows slowly, requires 5-10% carbon dioxide and produces an acid colour shift. Because of the time taken, contamination is very common, especially with other [[Mycoplasmas]].
| + | *Consolidation in apical and cardiac lung lobes |
| − | | + | *Immunofluorescence of lung tissue and complement fixation test or ELISA used for identification |
| − | ==Pathogenesis==
| + | *Treatment includes in-feed antibiotics such as tylosin, lincomycin and tiamulin |
| − | ''M. hyopneumoniae'' '''adheres to the cilia of the respiratory tract'''<ref>Zielinski, G. C., Ross, R. F (1993) '''Adherence of ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' to porcine ciliated respiratory tract cells.''' ''American J Vet Research'', 54(8):1262-1269; 27</ref>, causing '''ciliostasis, clumping and loss.'''<ref>Debey, M. C., Ross, R. F (1994) '''Ciliostasis and loss of cilia induced by ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' in porcine tracheal organ cultures'''. ''Infection and Immunity'', 62(12):5312-5318; 33</ref> This is followed by '''loss of epithelial cells and goblet cells'''. <ref>Debey, M. C., Jacobson, C. D., Ross, R. F (1992) '''Histochemical and morphologic changes of porcine airway epithelial cells in response to infection with ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'''''. ''American Journal of Veterinary Research'', 53(9):1705-1710; 28</ref> This '''reduces the efficacy of mucociliary clearance and allows the colonisation''' of the secondary pathogens that are usually involved in [[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs|Enzootic Pneumonia]].
| + | *Absent in specific-pathogen-free herds |
| − | | + | [[Category:Mycoplasmas]][[Category:Pig]] |
| − | ''M. hyopneumoniae'' also alters many other aspects of the host’s immune system, including [[B cells|B]] and [[T cells|T lymphocyte]] driven immunity, alveolar [[macrophages]] and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
| + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] |
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| − | '''Mononuclear infiltration''' of peribronchiolar and perivascular areas is the basis of pneumonic lesions and often causes the formation of lymphoid nodules when disease is chronic, as it often is.
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| − | Pathogenicity and severity of disease are stipulated by the presence and interaction of ''M. hyopneumoniae'' with other pathogens.
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| − | ==Diseases==
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| − | ''M. hyopneumoniae'' causes '''[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs|enzootic pneumonia in pigs]]'''.
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| − | {{Learning
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| − | |flashcards = [[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Flashcards|''M. hyopneumoniae'' Flashcards]]
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| − | |literature search=
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| − | [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Mycoplasma+hyopneumoniae%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=69&y=10&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' publications]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | {{CABI source
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| − | |datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=74548&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'']
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| − | |date =25 June 2011
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| − | }}
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| − | <br><br><br>
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| − | {{review}}
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
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| − | [[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]] | |
| − | [[Category:Mycoplasmas]] | |