Difference between revisions of "Feline Calicivirus"
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| + | ====Antigenicity==== | ||
| + | *Single serotype with antigenic variation | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Hosts==== | ||
| + | *Domestic cats and cheetahs | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Pathogenesis==== | ||
| + | *Incubation period: 2-10 days | ||
| + | *High morbidity/low mortality, but can be compromised by concurrent infection | ||
Clinical signs include: | Clinical signs include: | ||
*Vesicles and ulcers of the oral epithelium (2-5mm) | *Vesicles and ulcers of the oral epithelium (2-5mm) | ||
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*Pneumonia | *Pneumonia | ||
Differential Diagnoses may include: | Differential Diagnoses may include: | ||
| − | * | + | *Feline Herpes |
| − | * | + | *Clamydophila felis |
| − | * | + | *Bordetella bronchiseptica |
Recovery can be followed by '''carrier status''' | Recovery can be followed by '''carrier status''' | ||
| + | For more, see [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Feline calicivirus|Feline calicivirus]] | ||
| − | ==Epidemiology== | + | ====Epidemiology==== |
| − | FCV is endemic worldwide | + | *FCV is '''endemic worldwide''' |
| − | + | *Transmission occurs through '''direct contact''' with secretions of carrier cats or '''indirect contact''' via drinking bowls, etc | |
| − | + | *Clinical disease is most frequently seen in '''kittens''' | |
| − | + | *'''Active immunity''' formed by 1 year of age | |
| + | *Transmission occurs from diseased and recovered (carrier) animals | ||
| + | *Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur | ||
| − | Recent strains | + | ====Strains==== |
| − | *Severe pyrexia | + | Recent strains have been shown to cause systemic disease: |
| − | *Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs | + | *Initial upper respiratory signs are followed by: |
| − | *Skin ulcers | + | **Severe pyrexia |
| − | *Icterus and Petchiae | + | **Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs |
| − | + | **Skin ulcers | |
| + | **Icterus and Petchiae | ||
| + | *Mortality of up to 50%, and higher in cats over 1 year of age | ||
| + | *Conventional vaccination ineffective | ||
| − | ==Diagnosis== | + | ====Diagnosis==== |
| − | Clinical signs | + | *Clinical signs unhelpful due to differentials |
| + | *Nasal, conjunctival, or oropharyngeal swabs taken for virus isolation | ||
| + | **Diagnosed by pyknosis (Feline herpes causes cellular swelling and syncitia) | ||
| − | ==Control== | + | ====Control==== |
| − | + | Virulent isolate outbreak: | |
| − | * | + | *Quarantine and restrict movement |
| − | + | Prevention: | |
| + | *Vaccination: | ||
| + | **Live or dead vaccines available | ||
| + | **Contain broadly cross-reactive strains | ||
| + | **In combination with feline herpes and panleukopenia virus | ||
| + | **Live nose-drop vaccine now available in US | ||
| + | **Particular concern for catteries | ||
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| − | + | *[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Rhinitis]], | |
| + | *Suggested in the presence of ulceration of the dorsal and lateral edges of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], hard palate and external nares | ||
| + | *Lesions present may include [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Interstitial pneumonia|interstitial pneumonia]] with necrotising [[Bronchi and Bronchioles - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchiolitis]] | ||
| + | *Also see Feline viral rhinotracheitis above | ||
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| − | [[Category:Caliciviridae]][[Category:Cat | + | [[Category:Caliciviridae]][[Category:Cat]] |
| − | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]] | |
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Revision as of 11:56, 30 June 2010
 |
This article is still under construction. |
Antigenicity
- Single serotype with antigenic variation
Hosts
- Domestic cats and cheetahs
Pathogenesis
- Incubation period: 2-10 days
- High morbidity/low mortality, but can be compromised by concurrent infection
Clinical signs include:
- Vesicles and ulcers of the oral epithelium (2-5mm)
- Nasal and ocular discharge
- Sneezing
- Anorexia
Variable signs include:
- Pyrexia
- Dyspnoea
- Conjunctivitis
- Rhinitis
- Tracheitis
- Pneumonia
Differential Diagnoses may include:
- Feline Herpes
- Clamydophila felis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
Recovery can be followed by carrier status For more, see Feline calicivirus
Epidemiology
- FCV is endemic worldwide
- Transmission occurs through direct contact with secretions of carrier cats or indirect contact via drinking bowls, etc
- Clinical disease is most frequently seen in kittens
- Active immunity formed by 1 year of age
- Transmission occurs from diseased and recovered (carrier) animals
- Antigenic variation means that subclinical reinfections can occur
Strains
Recent strains have been shown to cause systemic disease:
- Initial upper respiratory signs are followed by:
- Severe pyrexia
- Oedema, particularly of the head and limbs
- Skin ulcers
- Icterus and Petchiae
- Mortality of up to 50%, and higher in cats over 1 year of age
- Conventional vaccination ineffective
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs unhelpful due to differentials
- Nasal, conjunctival, or oropharyngeal swabs taken for virus isolation
- Diagnosed by pyknosis (Feline herpes causes cellular swelling and syncitia)
Control
Virulent isolate outbreak:
- Quarantine and restrict movement
Prevention:
- Vaccination:
- Live or dead vaccines available
- Contain broadly cross-reactive strains
- In combination with feline herpes and panleukopenia virus
- Live nose-drop vaccine now available in US
- Particular concern for catteries
- Rhinitis,
- Suggested in the presence of ulceration of the dorsal and lateral edges of the tongue, hard palate and external nares
- Lesions present may include interstitial pneumonia with necrotising bronchiolitis
- Also see Feline viral rhinotracheitis above