Difference between revisions of "Burkholderia mallei"
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| − | + | *Causes [[Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae'' | |
| + | *Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin | ||
| + | *Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China | ||
| + | *Pathogenesis: | ||
| + | **Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds | ||
| + | **Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics | ||
| + | **Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction | ||
| + | *Clinical infections: | ||
| + | **Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks | ||
| + | **Chronic disease more common: | ||
| + | ***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis | ||
| + | ***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs | ||
| + | ***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus | ||
| + | ***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin | ||
| + | **Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses | ||
| + | *Diagnosis: | ||
| + | **Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology | ||
| + | **Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar | ||
| + | **Complement fixation and agglutination | ||
| + | **Serology | ||
| + | **Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation | ||
| + | *Treatment/control: | ||
| + | **Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic | ||
| + | **Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Pseudomonas_and_Burkholderia_species]][[Category:Horse]] | |
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] |
Revision as of 13:54, 30 June 2010
- Causes glanders, a contagious disease of Equidae
- Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
- Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
- Pathogenesis:
- Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected Equidae; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
- Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
- Presence of B. mallei in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
- Clinical infections:
- Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
- Chronic disease more common:
- Nasal form: rhinitis; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
- Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
- Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
- May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
- Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
- Diagnosis:
- Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
- Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
- Complement fixation and agglutination
- Serology
- Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
- Treatment/control:
- Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
- Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor