Difference between revisions of "Category:Altered Supraventricular Impulse Formations"
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===2. Supraventricular Premature Complexes=== | ===2. Supraventricular Premature Complexes=== | ||
Revision as of 09:40, 2 July 2010
1. Supraventricular Tachycardia
2. Supraventricular Premature Complexes
Small Animal: Common
Large Animal: Uncommon, but more common then ventricular premature complexes
a. Atrial Premature Complexes (APC)=As the name suggests, an APC is an abnormal ectopic premature beat occurring in the atrial tissue outside the SA node and above the AV node.
b. Junctional Premature Complexes (JPC)=As the name suggests, a JPC is an abnormal ectopic premature beat occurring in the AV nodal region.
Causes
APCs and JPCs can arise as the result of pathological conditions in the cardiac atria, or electrolyte and acid-base disturbances.
ECG Appearance: Premature ectopic P wave +/-; Premature QRS complex
Treatment
Small Animals
- Treat underlying cause
- Treat with antiarrhythmic drugs if clinical signs remain
Antiarrhythmic drugs: e.g digoxin, diltiazem
Large Animals
- Treat underlying cause
- Box rest with heart rate and rhythm monitoring
- If + for heart failure, give digoxin
- Vagal manoeuvres (e.g. carotid sinus or ocular massage)
- Quinidine sulfate
3. Atrial Fibrillation & Atrial Flutter
Dog: common
Cat: uncommon
Horse: common; male>female; Standardbreds and Draft horses are most affected
Cattle: common; especially dairy cattle
Atrial Fibrillation: Occurs when many ectopic waves of depolarisation spread throughout the atria. While the atria fail to contract some of the disorganized depolarization waves are conducted through the AV node reaching the ventricles. As a result the ventricles have a rapid, irregular rate.
Atrial Flutter: A rare unstable arrhythmia consisting of rapid atrial rate and abnormal atrial depolarization. Atrial flutter is an arrhythmia that cycles between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm.
Causes
Atrial pathology, pathology of other systems, electrolyte imbalances, drug interactions
ECG Appearance: lack of P waves (atrial fibrillation); small f waves (atrial flutter)
Treatment
Treat all underlying conditions
Dog & Cat: digoxin +/- diltiazem or +/- propranolol; quinidine or diltiazem (used in animals without cardiac failure or enlargement)
Horse: quinidine sulfate or treat congestive heart failure (furosemide, digoxin etc.)
Cattle: quinidine sulfate; Digoxin (given first if tachycardic)
Pages in category "Altered Supraventricular Impulse Formations"
The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total.