Difference between revisions of "Musca spp."

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[[Image:Muscidae.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Muscidae sp. - Copyright Thomas Bresson]]
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{{Taxobox
 
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|name              = Musca spp.
 
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|kingdom            = Animalia
 
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|phylum            = [[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]]
 
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|class              = [[Insecta]]
 
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|sub-class          =
 
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|order              = Diptera
 
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|super-family      =
 
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|family            = Muscidae
 
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|sub-family        =
 
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|genus              = Musca
 
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|species            =
 
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}}
 
  
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[[Image:Muscidae.jpg|right|thumb|150px|''Muscidae sp.'' <br> Bettinelli Roland 2008, Wikimedia Commons]]
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*Also known as 'house' and 'face' flies
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==''Musca autumnalis''==
 
  
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Also known as: '''''Face Fly
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*Includes ''Musca domestica'' the house fly and ''Musca autumnalis'' the face fly
  
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''M. autumnalis'' is found worldwide, and is widely distributed throughout Europe.
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*Found in temperate regions
  
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===Identification===
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*The house fly is present both inside and outside of buildings
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The fly is around 7-8mm in length.  It grey in colour and has 4 dark stripes on the thorax. It is very similar in appearance to ''M. domestica'', and has prominant red eyes.
 
  
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===Life Cycle===
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*The face fly is one of the most numerous flies which annoy cattle
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''M. autumnalis'' feeds on secretions from the nose, mouth, and the eyes, as well as blood from the wounds left by other flies. It lays eggs in cattle manure, which later develop into larvae. The larvae pass through three separate stages, before forming pupae in the soil. Under optimal conditions, they require around 2 weeks to complete the life cycle.
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**Attracted to the head and upper parts of the body
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==''Musca domestica''==
 
  
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Also known as: '''''House Fly
 
  
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''M. domestica'' is closely associated with humans and livestock. It is of importance as it mechanically transmits pathogens of real significance e.g. mastitis, and [[Anthrax|anthrax]].  
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==Recognition==
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*7.5mm long
  
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===Identification===
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*Sponge-like labellum mouthparts
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''M. domestica'' is around 7mm in length, and grey in colour, with four dark longitudinal shapes. The abdomen is dark yellow in colour, with a black median stripe.
 
  
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===Life Cycle===
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*Grey thorax with longitudinal stripes
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The female lays eggs in faeces and dead rotting material. The eggs then hatch within a day. There are 3 subsequent larval stages and feed upon the faeces. When the larvae mature, they relocate to drier areas, where they form pupae. The pupae will then later mature into adults.
 
  
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{{Learning
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*Yellow abdomen with a single black stripe
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|flashcards = [[Nuisance_Flies_Flashcards|Nuisance Flies Flashcards]]
 
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|literature search =[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Musca&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=58&y=12 ''Musca'' spp. publications since 2000]
 
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}}
 
  
  
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{{review}}
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==Life Cycle==
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*Eggs laid in rotting manure, hatch and pass through pupal and larval stages before emerging
  
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{{OpenPages}}
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*Eggs hatch within 12 hours of being deposited
  
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*Life cycle takes '''12 days'''
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*Flies may overwinter as adults
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==Pathogenesis==
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*Production losses
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**Reduced weight gain
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**Reduced milk yield
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**Fly worry
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*Disease transmission
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**Viruses
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***E.g. Coxsackie, enteroviruses, poliomyelitis
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**Bacteria
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***E.g. [[Bacillus species#Bacillus anthracis|Anthrax]], [[Escherichia coli|''E.coli'']], [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']], [[Shigella|''Shigella'']], [[Moraxella bovis|New Forest Eye Disease]]
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**Helminths
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***E.g. Intermediate hosts for [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Helminths|''Habronema'']] in horses, some poultry tapeworms, [[Parafilaria spp.|''Parafiliaria'']] and [[Cattle#Other Cattle Nematodes|''Thelazia'']] in cattle
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*Feeds on secretions from the eyes, nose and mouth as well as blood left in wounds by other flies
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==Control==
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*Fly control in breeding and resting sites (to reduce the source)
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**Breeding sites
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***Good sanitation
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***Collect dung in heaps
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***Spray surface of heaps with insecticide to kill surviving adults and larvae
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***Biological control
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**Resting sites
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***Spray inside and outsides of buildings with insecticide
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*Fly control on the host
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**Wide range of products available
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**Nil or short withdrawal period needed for milking animals or animals going for slaughter
 
[[Category:Nuisance_Flies]]
 
[[Category:Nuisance_Flies]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
 

Revision as of 20:48, 15 July 2010

Muscidae sp. - Copyright Thomas Bresson
  • Also known as 'house' and 'face' flies
  • Includes Musca domestica the house fly and Musca autumnalis the face fly
  • Found in temperate regions
  • The house fly is present both inside and outside of buildings
  • The face fly is one of the most numerous flies which annoy cattle
    • Attracted to the head and upper parts of the body


Recognition

  • 7.5mm long
  • Sponge-like labellum mouthparts
  • Grey thorax with longitudinal stripes
  • Yellow abdomen with a single black stripe


Life Cycle

  • Eggs laid in rotting manure, hatch and pass through pupal and larval stages before emerging
  • Eggs hatch within 12 hours of being deposited
  • Life cycle takes 12 days
  • Flies may overwinter as adults


Pathogenesis

  • Production losses
    • Reduced weight gain
    • Reduced milk yield
    • Fly worry
  • Feeds on secretions from the eyes, nose and mouth as well as blood left in wounds by other flies


Control

  • Fly control in breeding and resting sites (to reduce the source)
    • Breeding sites
      • Good sanitation
      • Collect dung in heaps
      • Spray surface of heaps with insecticide to kill surviving adults and larvae
      • Biological control
    • Resting sites
      • Spray inside and outsides of buildings with insecticide
  • Fly control on the host
    • Wide range of products available
    • Nil or short withdrawal period needed for milking animals or animals going for slaughter
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