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==In Horses==

===Nasal septum abnormalities===

*Thickening caused by
**Trauma
**Infection
**[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Neoplasia of nasal septum]], carcinomas most common
**Amyloidosis (below)
**[[Wry Nose|Wry nose]]
**[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|Empyema]], [[Paranasal Sinuses Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|neoplasia]], [[Paranasal sinuses - Pathology|cysts]] of sinuses


===Nasal amyloidosis===

*Deposition of amyloid in nasal submucosa of horses
*Not part of generalised amyloidosis
*May extend to [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]]
*Nodular of diffuse
*Stenosis may cause obstruction
*Smooth surface, waxy sheen on cut surface
*Macrophages and lymphocytes, giant cells
*May have overlying ulceration of mucosa
*Large firm nodules in alar folds, rostral nasal septum and floor of nasal cavity
*Micro:
**Deposition of hyaline material in nasal mucosa

==Circulatory disturbances==

===Congestion and Hyperaemia===

*Congestion - passive interference with venous return
**Non-specific
**Commonly found at post-mortem
*Hyperaemia - active vasodilation
**Associated with early stages of inflammation


===Haemorrhage===

*Can result from local trauma or just transfer blood from lower down in the respiratory tract (see [[Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology#Epistaxis|epistaxis]])


[[Category:Nasal_Cavity_-_Pathology]]
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