Difference between revisions of "Colitis X"

Revision as of 15:24, 22 July 2010

Description

Colitis X (so-called due to its unknown aetiology) is a peracute and highly fatal disease of horses. Is characterised by severe oedematous colitis, sudden watery diarrhoea and death within 24 hours. A number of possible underlying causes have been described, including drug or parasite hypersensitivity, salmonellosis, high-protein low-cellulose diets and clostridial enterocolitis. Stress has been reported as a predisposing factor to colitis X.

Signalment

Colitis X affects adult horses, usually between one and ten years old.

Clinical Signs

The clinical signs are similar to those described for other forms of acute- peracute colitis

Abdominal pain
Acute onset watery to haemorrhagic diarrhoea
Tachycardia (Heart rate often greater than 100bpm)
Dehydration
Signs relating to hypovolaemic or endotoxic shock, e.g. congested mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, cold extremities.
Dilated pupils
Collapse
Body temperature may vary from pyrexic to subnormal
Bowel sounds may be absent

Diagnosis

PCV

Pathology

Treatment

Treatment is often unsuccessful and horses may often require euthanasia. Treatment methods previously described include aggressive fluid therapy with electrolyte replacement, antibiotics and analgesics.

Prognosis

The prognosis is usually poor, with a mortality rate approaching 90-100%.

Prevention

References

Glenn Songer, J., Trinh, H.T., Dial, S.M., Brazier, J.S., Glock, R.D. (2009) Equine colitis X associated with infection by Clostridium difficile NAP1/027. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21:377–380

Diakakis, N. (2008) Equine colitis X. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society) (Volume 59, Number 1): 23–28(6)

White, N.A., Edwards, G.B. (1999) Handbook of Equine Colic Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd

Knottenbelt, D.C. A Handbook of Equine Medicine for Final Year Students University of Liverpool

Edward Robinson, N and Sprayberry, K. A. (2009) Current Therapy In Equine Medicine Sixth edition Saunders Elsevier

Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial

Giles, C.J., Urquhart, K.A. and Longstaffe, J.A. (1985) Larval cyathostomiasis (immature trichonema-induced enteropathy): A report of 15 clinical cases Equine Veterinary Journal 17, 196-201

Murphy, D., Keane, M.P. and Goulding, R. (1997) Cyathostome associated disease in the horse: investigation and management of four cases Equine Veterinary Journal 9 247-252

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-* Sudden onset with haemorrhages throughout body (shock) and sometimes acute foul smelling diarhoea.
-* [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] is acutely haemorhagic and oedematous with mucosal necrosis.
-* Associated with [[:Category:Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxaemic Clostridia|''Clostridium perfringens'']].
-* Possibly an enterotoxaemia.
+==Description==
+Colitis X (so-called due to its unknown aetiology) is a peracute and highly fatal disease of horses. Is characterised by severe oedematous colitis, sudden watery diarrhoea and death within 24 hours. A number of possible underlying causes have been described, including drug or parasite hypersensitivity, salmonellosis, high-protein low-cellulose diets and clostridial enterocolitis. Stress has been reported as a predisposing factor to colitis X.
+==Signalment==
+Colitis X affects adult horses, usually between one and ten years old.
-==Description==
+==Clinical Signs==
-Colitis X (so-called due to its unknown aetiology) is a peracute and highly fatal disease of horses. Is characterised by severe oedematous colitis, sudden watery diarrhea and death within 24 hours. A number of possible underlying causes have been described, including drug or parasite hypersensitivity, salmonellosis, high-protein low-cellulose diets and clostridial enterocolitis. Stress has been reported as a predisposing factor to colitis X.
+The clinical signs are similar to those described for other forms of acute- peracute colitis
-==Clinical Signs==
 * Abdominal pain
@@ Line 28: / Line 25: @@
 ==Diagnosis==
-Diagnosis is often based on the peracute nature of clinical signs.
+PCV
 ==Pathology==
@@ Line 46: / Line 43: @@
 ==References==
-* Glenn Songer, J., Trinh, H.T., Dial, S.M., Brazier, J.S., Glock, R.D.  (2009) '''Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21:377–380 (2009)'''
+* Glenn Songer, J., Trinh, H.T., Dial, S.M., Brazier, J.S., Glock, R.D. (2009) Equine colitis X associated with infection by Clostridium difficile NAP1/027. '''Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21:377–380'''
+* Diakakis, N. (2008) Equine colitis X. '''Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society) (Volume 59, Number 1): 23–28(6)
 * White, N.A., Edwards, G.B. (1999) '''Handbook of Equine Colic''' ''Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd''