Difference between revisions of "Porcine Parvovirus"

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== Introduction ==
 
  
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Porcine Parvovirus is a worldwide disease of pigs. There is only a single serotype of this virus and it affects only pigs.
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====Antigenicity====
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*Single serotype
  
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The virus is the principal cause of '''SMEDI syndrome''': Stillbirths, Mummification, Embryonic Deaths, and Infertility, which is responsible for serious economic loss in pigs. There will usually be a whole litter born, with some weak but alive, some stillbirths and some mummified foetuses. This demonstrates the virus acting over the period of gestation.
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====Hosts====
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*Pigs
  
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The virus replicates in gastrointestinal epithelium followed by viraemia, '''transplacental''' infection occurs in early pregnancy, with some (but not all) surviving piglets living as carriers. The virus is transmitted orofaecally or via fomites. About 50% of UK pigs are antibody-positive. Outbreaks occur as herd is developing immunity and congenitally infected piglets act as herd '''reservoir.'''
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====Pathogenesis====
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*Principal viral cause of '''SMEDI syndrome''': Stillbirths, Mummification, Embryonic Deaths, and Infertility
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*Replicates in gastrointestinal epithelium followed by viremia
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*Often '''no clinical signs in breeding and growing stock'''
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*'''Transplacental''' infection occurs in early pregnancy, with some (but not all) surviving piglets living as carriers
  
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== Clinical Signs  ==
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====Epidemiology====
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*About 50% of UK pigs are antibody-positive
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*Transfer is '''orofecal''' or via '''fomites'''
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*Outbreaks occur as herd is developing immunity
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*Congenitally infected piglets act as herd '''reservoir'''
  
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There are often no clinical signs other than coming back into heat in early pregnancy or the birth of mummified foetuses. There may be a transient pyrexia when the disease is in the viraemic stage, but this is unlikely to be noticed by stockmen.
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====Diagnosis====
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*'''Immunostaining''' of fetal tissues
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*Virus isolation in cell culture
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*HA on feces
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*'''Rising antibody titres''' in paired serum sample by HAI
  
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== Diagnosis  ==
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====Control====
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*Inactivated vaccine (UK) or live attenuated (USA)
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*Infected piglets should be culled
  
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History and clinical signs are very characteristic of the disease with mummified foetuses etc.
 
  
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'''Immunostaining''' of fetal tissues, along with virus isolation in cell culture and haemagluttination inhibition (HAI) on feces can be performed to gain a definitive diagnosis. Serology can be used to detect '''rising antibody titres''' in paired serum sample by HAI.
 
  
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== Control  ==
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SMEDI syndrome leading to stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death or infertility.
  
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Inactivated vaccine (UK) or live attenuated (USA) is available and widely used. Infected piglets should be culled and their carcasses disposed of correctly.
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[[Category:Parvoviridae]][[Category:Pig]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]]
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== References ==
 
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Cowart, R.P. and Casteel, S.W. (2001) '''An Outline of Swine diseases: a handbook''''' Wiley-Blackwell''
 
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Straw, B.E. and Taylor, D.J. (2006) '''Disease of Swine''''' Wiley-Blackwell''
 
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Taylor, D.J. (2006) '''Pig Diseases '''(Eighth edition)'' St Edmunsdbury Press ltd''
 
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{{review}}
 
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{{OpenPages}}
 
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[[Category:Parvoviridae]] [[Category:Pig_Viruses]] [[Category:Reproductive_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]
 

Revision as of 12:24, 30 July 2010


 This article is still under construction.


Antigenicity

  • Single serotype

Hosts

  • Pigs

Pathogenesis

  • Principal viral cause of SMEDI syndrome: Stillbirths, Mummification, Embryonic Deaths, and Infertility
  • Replicates in gastrointestinal epithelium followed by viremia
  • Often no clinical signs in breeding and growing stock
  • Transplacental infection occurs in early pregnancy, with some (but not all) surviving piglets living as carriers

Epidemiology

  • About 50% of UK pigs are antibody-positive
  • Transfer is orofecal or via fomites
  • Outbreaks occur as herd is developing immunity
  • Congenitally infected piglets act as herd reservoir

Diagnosis

  • Immunostaining of fetal tissues
  • Virus isolation in cell culture
  • HA on feces
  • Rising antibody titres in paired serum sample by HAI

Control

  • Inactivated vaccine (UK) or live attenuated (USA)
  • Infected piglets should be culled


SMEDI syndrome leading to stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death or infertility.

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