Difference between revisions of "Simuliidae"
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| − | + | ==Introduction== | |
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| − | | | + | {| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
| − | + | | Also known as: | |
| − | | | + | | '''Buffalo gnats |
| − | | | + | |- |
| − | | | + | |} |
| − | | | + | |
| − | + | ||
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| − | + | *Found worldwide | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | *Attacks a wide variety of hosts, including animals, birds and humans | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | '''Recognition''' | |
| − | + | *Small flies 2-4mm long | |
| + | |||
| + | *Black colouring | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Arched thorax giving a 'hump-backed' appearance | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Short, hairless antennae | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Clear wings | ||
| + | |||
| + | *No hairs or scales on wings | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | '''Life cycle''' | ||
| + | *Eggs laid on plants or stones under flowing water | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Larvae attach to submerged rocks and pupate | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Conical shaped cocoon | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Adults emerge en masse | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Life cycle takes '''1 month''' to complete | ||
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| − | |||
| − | + | '''Pathogenesis''' | |
| + | *Most active in the morning and evening on warm, cloudy days | ||
| − | + | *Cause painful, irritating bites | |
| − | + | **Only females suck blood | |
| − | |||
| + | *Cause anaemia if present in large numbers | ||
| − | + | *Vectors for disease | |
| + | **Viruses such as [[Equine Encephalitis Virus|Eastern equine encephalitis]] and vesicular stomatitis | ||
| + | **Parasites such as ''O. volvulus'' of cattle and ''Leucocytozoon'' of avian species | ||
| + | *[[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Protozoa|Protozoal skin infections]] | ||
| + | *Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Flies|skin infections]] | ||
| + | **[[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Onchocerciasis|Onchocerciasis]] | ||
| + | **Involved in [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Cutaneous habronemiasis|cutaneous habronemiasis]] | ||
| + | **Involved in [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Stephanofilariasis|stephanofilariasis]] | ||
| − | |||
| + | '''Control''' | ||
| + | *In warmer climates | ||
| + | **[[Ectoparasiticides|Insecticides]] applied to breeding sites | ||
| + | **Brush cleared to deprive the adult flies of resting sites | ||
| + | **Not needed in temperate climates | ||
[[Category:Biting_Flies]] | [[Category:Biting_Flies]] | ||
| − | + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]] | |
| − | [[Category: | ||
Revision as of 10:58, 31 July 2010
Introduction
| Also known as: | Buffalo gnats |
- Found worldwide
- Attacks a wide variety of hosts, including animals, birds and humans
Recognition
- Small flies 2-4mm long
- Black colouring
- Arched thorax giving a 'hump-backed' appearance
- Short, hairless antennae
- Clear wings
- No hairs or scales on wings
Life cycle
- Eggs laid on plants or stones under flowing water
- Larvae attach to submerged rocks and pupate
- Conical shaped cocoon
- Adults emerge en masse
- Life cycle takes 1 month to complete
Pathogenesis
- Most active in the morning and evening on warm, cloudy days
- Cause painful, irritating bites
- Only females suck blood
- Cause anaemia if present in large numbers
- Vectors for disease
- Viruses such as Eastern equine encephalitis and vesicular stomatitis
- Parasites such as O. volvulus of cattle and Leucocytozoon of avian species
- Protozoal skin infections
- Causes skin infections
- Onchocerciasis
- Involved in cutaneous habronemiasis
- Involved in stephanofilariasis
Control
- In warmer climates
- Insecticides applied to breeding sites
- Brush cleared to deprive the adult flies of resting sites
- Not needed in temperate climates