Difference between revisions of "Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Horse"

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Also known as: '''''Gastric Neoplasia
 
  
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==Introduction==
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
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| Also known as:
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|'''Gastric Neoplasia'''
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| See also:
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|'''[[Colic, Gastric Causes]]'''
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==Description==
 
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common primary tumor of the equine stomach.<ref name="Olsen">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>  It can affect the cardia and upper squamous regions of the stomach, resulting in a persistent mild [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|colic]], commonly seen soon after feeding.  The tumor can invade and metastasize to lymph nodes, the lungs and regions palpable on [[Colic Diagnosis - Rectal Examination|rectal examination]].<ref name="Olsen">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>
 
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common primary tumor of the equine stomach.<ref name="Olsen">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>  It can affect the cardia and upper squamous regions of the stomach, resulting in a persistent mild [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|colic]], commonly seen soon after feeding.  The tumor can invade and metastasize to lymph nodes, the lungs and regions palpable on [[Colic Diagnosis - Rectal Examination|rectal examination]].<ref name="Olsen">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>
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See also: '''[[Colic, Gastric Causes]]
 
  
 
==Clinical Signs==
 
==Clinical Signs==
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The main clinical signs include '''weight loss''' and general ill health.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  Other signs may include anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distension, hypersalivation, pyrexia, tachypnoea, reduced borborygmi<ref name="Talor">Taylor S.D, Haldorson, G.J, Vaughan, B, Pusterla, N (2009) Gastric neoplasia in horses.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 23(5):1097-102.</ref> and abnormal chewing and swallowing behaviour.<ref name="Olsen2">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.</ref>  '''Hypertrophic osteopathy''' associated with this neoplastic disease has been reported in one horse.<ref>Schleining, J.A, Voss, E.D (2004) Hypertophic osteopathy secondary to gastric squamous cell carcinoma in a horse.  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 16:304-307.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>
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The main clinical signs include '''weight loss''' and general ill health.<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>  Other signs may include anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distension, hypersalivation, pyrexia, tachypnoea, reduced borborygmi<ref name="Talor">Taylor S.D, Haldorson, G.J, Vaughan, B, Pusterla, N (2009) Gastric neoplasia in horses.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 23(5):1097-102.</ref> and abnormal chewing and swallowing behaviour.<ref name="Olsen2">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.</ref>  '''Hypertrophic osteopathy''' associated with this neoplastic disease has been reported in one horse.<ref>Schleining, J.A, Voss, E.D (2004) Hypertophic osteopathy secondary to gastric squamous cell carcinoma in a horse.  ''Equine Vet Educ'', 16:304-307.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>
  
 
==Diagnosis==
 
==Diagnosis==
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Diagnosis is usually made by exclusion of other causes of weight loss and '''gastroscopy'''.  '''Haematology''' may reveal a normocytic anaemia, neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia,<ref name="Olsen2">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.</ref>hyperfibrinogenaemia and hyperglobulinaemia.<ref name="McKenzie">McKenzie, E.C, Mills, J.N, Bolton, J.R (1997) Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in three horses.  ''Aust Vet J'', 75(7):480-3.</ref>  '''Hypercalcaemia of malignancy''' may also be noted.<ref name="Talor">Taylor S.D, Haldorson, G.J, Vaughan, B, Pusterla, N (2009) Gastric neoplasia in horses.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 23(5):1097-102.</ref>  [[Abdominocentesis]] may demonstrate abnormal [[Colic - Peritoneal Fluid Analysis|peritoneal effusions]] with neoplastic cells, inflammatory exudates<ref name="McKenzie">McKenzie, E.C, Mills, J.N, Bolton, J.R (1997) Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in three horses.  ''Aust Vet J'', 75(7):480-3.</ref> and elevated total protein concentrations.<ref>Tennant, B, Keirn, D.R, White, K.K, Bentinck-Smith, J, King, J.M (1982) Six cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach of the horse.  ''Equine Vet J'', 14(3):238-43.</ref>  [[Colic Diagnosis - Abdominal Ultrasound|Abdominal ultrasound]] may also help to locate metastases.  The most common finding in the stomach at ''post-mortem'' is a single ulcerated, necrotic mass in the squamous region.<ref name="Talor">Taylor S.D, Haldorson, G.J, Vaughan, B, Pusterla, N (2009) Gastric neoplasia in horses.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 23(5):1097-102.</ref>  There may also be nodules lining the peritoneum.<ref name="Olsen2">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.</ref>
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Diagnosis is usually made by exclusion of other causes of weight loss and gastroscopy.  Haematology may reveal a normocytic anaemia, neutrophilia and hypoalbuminaemia.<ref name="Olsen2">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.</ref>  [[Colic Diagnosis - Abdominocentesis|Abdominocentesis]] may demonstrate abnormal peritoneal effusions with neoplastic cells.  Hypercalcaemia of malignancy may be noted.<ref name="Talor">Taylor S.D, Haldorson, G.J, Vaughan, B, Pusterla, N (2009) Gastric neoplasia in horses.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 23(5):1097-102.</ref>  Nodules lining the peritoneum may be seen at ''post-mortem'' examination.<ref name="Olsen2">Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases.  ''Vet Rec'', 131:170-173.</ref>
  
 
==Treatment and Prognosis==
 
==Treatment and Prognosis==
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In most cases, surgical resection is not possible<ref>East, L.M, Savage, C.J (1998) Abdominal neoplasia (excluding urogenital tract).  ''Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract'', 14:475-493.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref> and the prognosis is grave, with a short survival time after diagnosis.<ref name="Talor">Taylor S.D, Haldorson, G.J, Vaughan, B, Pusterla, N (2009) Gastric neoplasia in horses.  ''J Vet Intern Med'', 23(5):1097-102.</ref>
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In most cases, surgical resection is not possible<ref>East, L.M, Savage, C.J (1998) Abdominal neoplasia (excluding urogenital tract).  ''Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract'', 14:475-493.  In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) ''Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref> and the prognosis is grave.
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28%22Squamous+Cell+Carcinoma%22%29+AND+%28title%3A%28gastr*%29+OR+title%3A%28stomach%29%29+AND+od%3A%28horses%29 Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma in horses publications]
 
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==References==
 
==References==
 
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[[Category:Stomach Diseases - Horse]]
 
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[[Category:Neoplasia]]
 

Revision as of 19:12, 10 August 2010


 This article is still under construction.


Also known as: Gastric Neoplasia
See also: Colic, Gastric Causes

Description

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common primary tumor of the equine stomach.[1] It can affect the cardia and upper squamous regions of the stomach, resulting in a persistent mild colic, commonly seen soon after feeding. The tumor can invade and metastasize to lymph nodes, the lungs and regions palpable on rectal examination.[1]

Clinical Signs

The main clinical signs include weight loss and general ill health.[2] Other signs may include anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distension, hypersalivation, pyrexia, tachypnoea, reduced borborygmi[3] and abnormal chewing and swallowing behaviour.[4] Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with this neoplastic disease has been reported in one horse.[5]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually made by exclusion of other causes of weight loss and gastroscopy. Haematology may reveal a normocytic anaemia, neutrophilia and hypoalbuminaemia.[4] Abdominocentesis may demonstrate abnormal peritoneal effusions with neoplastic cells. Hypercalcaemia of malignancy may be noted.[3] Nodules lining the peritoneum may be seen at post-mortem examination.[4]

Treatment and Prognosis

In most cases, surgical resection is not possible[6] and the prognosis is grave.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases. Vet Rec, 131:170-173. In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.
  2. ↑ Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition), Merial.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Taylor S.D, Haldorson, G.J, Vaughan, B, Pusterla, N (2009) Gastric neoplasia in horses. J Vet Intern Med, 23(5):1097-102.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Olsen, S.N (1992) Squamous-cell carcinoma of the equine stomach: a report of 5 cases. Vet Rec, 131:170-173.
  5. ↑ Schleining, J.A, Voss, E.D (2004) Hypertophic osteopathy secondary to gastric squamous cell carcinoma in a horse. Equine Vet Educ, 16:304-307. In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.
  6. ↑ East, L.M, Savage, C.J (1998) Abdominal neoplasia (excluding urogenital tract). Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 14:475-493. In: Zimmel, D.N (2010) Neoplasia of the Alimentary Tract in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.
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