Hypersensitivity Flashcards

Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer		Article
What is hypersensitivity?	A hyperactive immune response to an antigen Leading to cell and tissue damage It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity)		Link to Article
Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions?	Gell and Coombs		Link to Article
Complete the following sentences Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction.	antibody mediated cell mediated		Link to Article

Type I Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer		Article
What is type I hypersensitivity also known as?	Anaphylactic-mediated IgE-mediated		Link to Article
What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity?	Allergens		Link to Article
Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction	Plant pollens Foods Drugs Proteins Insect products		Link to Article
Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area?	Vasodilation Oedema Mucous production Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils		Link to Article
Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions	Sweet-itch Atopy Flea allergic dermatitis		Link to Article

Type II Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer		Article
What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens?	IgG IgM Fixed antigens		Link to Article
What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions?	Neutralisation blockage of receptors		Link to Article
Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process?	Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) Pemphigus vulgaris Bullous pemphigoid Complement mediated lysis Immune mediated haemolytic anaemia Blood transfusion reaction Haemolytic disease of new born Feline infectious anaemia Phagocytosis		Link to Article

Type III Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer		Article
Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens?	IgG Soluble antigens		Link to Article
What does inhaling antigen locally lead to?	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis		Link to Article
What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response?	Glomerulonephritis Arthritis Vasculitis Acute inflammation		Link to Article
What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have?	Vasculitis Erythema Oedema Neutropaenia Proteinurea		Link to Article
Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen	Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)		Link to Article

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Question	Answer		Article
What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as?	Delayed-type hypersensitivity		Link to Article
What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have?	Abnormal macrophage activation Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)		Link to Article
What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have?	Destruction of normal cells		Link to Article
What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions?	Contact Granulomatous		Link to Article
What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis?	Mononuclear cells		Link to Article
Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response	Mycobacterium tubercle Schistosome eggs		Link to Article
What is the tuberculin test?	Used for testing TB in cattle Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes		Link to Article