Innate Immunity Flashcards

Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System

Question	Answer		Article
True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system	True		Link to Article
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?	Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria Mannose sugars D-isoform amino acids		Link to Article
What recognises PAMPs?	Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)		Link to Article
Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?	Cell membrane		Link to Article
Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?	Cell cytoplasm		Link to Article
Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?	Glycosidases Lipases Proteases		Link to Article
True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes	False Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way		Link to Article
Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system	Skin Mucous membranes		Link to Article
Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system	Lactic and fatty acids Enzymes Mucous		Link to Article
What is the function of commensal organisms?	Produce natural antibiotics Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces		Link to Article
Complete the sentence about commensal organisms: When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???	opportunistic increased		Link to Article
Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action	Lysozyme Digests bacterial cell walls Complement Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms Interferons		Link to Article
Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?	Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils/mast cells		Link to Article
Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?	Monocytes Tissue mast cells Macrophages		Link to Article

Innate Immunity to Viruses

Question	Answer		Article
What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?	Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)		Link to Article
Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?	Cell surface Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)		Link to Article
What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?	Increases mRNA degredation Inhibits protein synthesis Increases antigen presentation to antibody		Link to Article
Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?	Natural Killer cells (NK cells) Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface		Link to Article

Innate Immunity to Bacteria

Question	Answer		Article
What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?			Link to Article
Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection?	Neutrophils		Link to Article