Difference between revisions of "Bluetongue Virus"
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| − | ==== | + | ==Description== |
| + | *Caused by [[Reoviridae|bluetongue virus of family Reoviridae]] | ||
| + | *Non-contagious | ||
| + | *Insect-borne | ||
| + | *Causes vasculitis, especially in oral cavity | ||
| + | ==Aetiology== | ||
| + | |||
*24 serotypes of BTV have been described | *24 serotypes of BTV have been described | ||
| − | + | ==Hosts== | |
*Ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats, and camelids | *Ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats, and camelids | ||
| − | + | ==Pathogenesis== | |
*Transfer occurs through blood from viremic animals via biting midges ('''Culicoides spp.''') | *Transfer occurs through blood from viremic animals via biting midges ('''Culicoides spp.''') | ||
*Replication in haematopoietic and endothelial cells of blood vessels | *Replication in haematopoietic and endothelial cells of blood vessels | ||
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*Resulting loss of condition, reduction in wool an meat production, which can be followed by death | *Resulting loss of condition, reduction in wool an meat production, which can be followed by death | ||
| − | + | ==Diagnosis== | |
*Clinical signs can be confirmed through the lab: | *Clinical signs can be confirmed through the lab: | ||
**RT-PCR to detect viral RNA | **RT-PCR to detect viral RNA | ||
**ELISA serology for Ab and rising Ab titres | **ELISA serology for Ab and rising Ab titres | ||
| − | + | ===Clinical Signs=== | |
| − | ==== | + | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
| − | + | ===Pathology=== | |
| − | + | Complete loss of integrity of epithelium. Uncommon. | |
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*Characteristic of Bluetongue Virus, | *Characteristic of Bluetongue Virus, | ||
*Epithelium lost and haemorrhage produces blue / black discoloration of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], hence the name. | *Epithelium lost and haemorrhage produces blue / black discoloration of the [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], hence the name. | ||
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*Grossly: | *Grossly: | ||
**Infarctions -> necrosis | **Infarctions -> necrosis | ||
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*Histologically: | *Histologically: | ||
**Necrosis -> calcification or regeneration (depends on age of lesion) | **Necrosis -> calcification or regeneration (depends on age of lesion) | ||
| + | ==Treatment== | ||
| + | *BTV is '''NOTIFIABLE''' | ||
| + | *Vigilance in recognizing clinical signs | ||
| + | *Restriction of movement: | ||
| + | **Protection Zone: 100km radius around infected premises, movement within zone allowed but not in or out | ||
| + | ***Vaccination within PZ using appropriate serotype is encouraged but still voluntary | ||
| + | **Surveillance Zone: 50km radius beyond PZ | ||
| + | *Vector control: ectoparasiticides, etc. | ||
[[Category:Orbiviruses]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]] | [[Category:Orbiviruses]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Pig]] | ||
[[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]] | [[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Lizzie]] | ||
Revision as of 18:25, 19 August 2010
 |
This article is still under construction. |
Description
- Caused by bluetongue virus of family Reoviridae
- Non-contagious
- Insect-borne
- Causes vasculitis, especially in oral cavity
Aetiology
- 24 serotypes of BTV have been described
Hosts
- Ruminants, including sheep, cattle, deer, goats, and camelids
Pathogenesis
- Transfer occurs through blood from viremic animals via biting midges (Culicoides spp.)
- Replication in haematopoietic and endothelial cells of blood vessels
- Clinical signs vary between species, with sheep most severely affected
- Pyrexia
- Ocular and nasal discharge
- Drooling from mouth uclers
- Swelling of the mouth, head and neck
- Lameness
- Subdural hemorrhages
- Inflammation of the coronary band
- Cattle as the main reservoir
- A blue tongue is rarely seen as as a clinical sign of infection
- Resulting loss of condition, reduction in wool an meat production, which can be followed by death
Diagnosis
- Clinical signs can be confirmed through the lab:
- RT-PCR to detect viral RNA
- ELISA serology for Ab and rising Ab titres
Clinical Signs
Laboratory Tests
Pathology
Complete loss of integrity of epithelium. Uncommon.
- Characteristic of Bluetongue Virus,
- Epithelium lost and haemorrhage produces blue / black discoloration of the tongue, hence the name.
- Grossly:
- Infarctions -> necrosis
- Haemorrhage
- Histologically:
- Necrosis -> calcification or regeneration (depends on age of lesion)
Treatment
- BTV is NOTIFIABLE
- Vigilance in recognizing clinical signs
- Restriction of movement:
- Protection Zone: 100km radius around infected premises, movement within zone allowed but not in or out
- Vaccination within PZ using appropriate serotype is encouraged but still voluntary
- Surveillance Zone: 50km radius beyond PZ
- Protection Zone: 100km radius around infected premises, movement within zone allowed but not in or out
- Vector control: ectoparasiticides, etc.