Equine Physiology - WikiNormals

WIKINORMALS EQUINE SECTION

Physiology	Units	Approximate Value	Range
General Horse
Heart Rate	Beats per min	32 - 44
Resting Respiratory Rate	Breaths per min	10 - 14
Urine Specific Gravity	Grams per milli-litre	1.025 - 1.060
Cardiac Output (Rest)	Litres/Min	30
Cardiac Output (Max Excerise)	Litres/Min	220
Maximum Urine Osmolarity	mosmol/litre	2000
Urine/Plasma Conc Ratio	n/a	7
Mare
Rectal Temperature	Fahrenheit	100
Rectal Temperature	Centigrade	37.8
Stallion
Rectal Temperature	Fahrenheit	99.7
Rectal Temperature	Centigrade	37.6
Donkey
Temperature	°C	37.1	36.5 - 37.7
	°F	98.8	97.7 - 99.9
Pulse	beats/minute	41	31 - 53
Respiration	breaths/minute	20	13 - 31

Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1 |}